Paralysis of Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI

Rush, James A.; Younge, Brian R.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1981.03930010078006

Cited by 454 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…74 As some patients, including those with microvascular disease, will not recover spontaneously, and as this group cannot always be reliably identified in the acute stage, we now treat all patients who show no sign of sixth nerve recovery within a month of onset of the condition with botulinum toxin injection of the ipsilateral medial rectus.75,76 Within a few days 7 of the first 8 (87.5%) patients treated by us in this manner gained fusion without the necessity of a marked head turn and developed a centred field of bin ocular single vision, which even though of a small size, allowed them to read, watch television and cope with most activities. Despite the fact that their palsies were of trau matic origin, all 7 recovered full function.…”

Section: Sixth Nerve Palsysupporting

confidence: 44%

Guest lecture strabismus: Challenges and trends

Murray

1993

Eye

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Section: Sixth Nerve Palsysupporting

confidence: 44%

Guest lecture strabismus: Challenges and trends

Murray

1993

Eye

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“…9 In spite of this, majority of the past reviews on this subject have focused on specific aspects of the visual anatomy, such as the ocular cranial nerves, optic nerves, or the posterior visual pathways, 5,7,[10][11][12] rather than a complete overview of the manner in which head injury affects the visual system. 2,3,13,14 This study has added to the latter list and has given credibility to a few previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, blindness occurring in a patient who was blind in both eyes was cortical in origin because the fundus was normal and the pupillary responses were intact. Miscellaneous neuroophthalmic complications observed were other pupillary abnormalities (12), partial or complete ptosis (10), and lagophthalmos (one).…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular and visual complications of head injury

Odebode

Ademola-Popoola

Ojo

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate the pattern of ocular and visual complications of head injury. Method A prospective study of 225 headinjured patients managed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. For the purpose of extracting vaisual complications, a Neurosurgeon and an Ophthalmologist examined each patient and appropriate investigations were carried out. Patients with ocular morbidity were analysed for age, sex, cause of injury, admission Glasgow coma score, and associated injuries in addition to findings at ophthalmic and neurosurgical evaluations. Results Two major types of ocular and visual complications were observed in 57 (25.3%) of 225 head-injured patients studied. Soft-tissue injury to the globe and adnexae included periorbital ecchymosis, subconjuctival haemorrhage, lid laceration, or rarely globe rupture in 29 patients. Neuro-ophthalmic ocular cranial nerve palsies occurred in 28 patients, while orbital fracture was encountered in two patients. Ocular injuries were multiple in 60% of cases. The patients, comprising 37 male and 20 female subjects, were aged 9 months to 57 years (mean ¼ 28 years). Traffic accident was the leading cause of head injuries (84.2%), while fall from height (7%), assault (7%), and gunshot (1.8%) were miscellaneous causes. Conclusion Injury to the globe and adnexae and ocular cranial nerve palsies constitute the most common oculovisual complications following head injury in our centre.

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“…Three large retrospective studies investigated the causes of third nerve involvement and only 1.7% of patients were found to have MS [8][9][10] . Although described in the literature, fourth nerve involvement was not recorded in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, isolated sixth nerve palsy was found in 1% of MS patients. Thomke show MS to be responsible for 4%-9% of unilateral sixth nerve palsy in the general population 8,9,12 . These findings are especially important, as there is much debate in the literature on the use of MRI in patients with isolated third, fourth and sixth nerve palsies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%