Parallel strip waveguide for ultrasonic flow measurement in harsh environments

Abstract

Wetted ultrasonic transit time flow meters typically consist of one or more pairs of transducers, containing piezoelectric elements, which alternate between transmitting and detecting an ultrasonic pulse. Typical piezoelectric materials and the adhesives used to attach the piezoelectric element in such devices can be damaged by hostile environments, such as extreme temperature, potentially limiting possible applications of ultrasonic flow measurement techniques. We have investigated a design for a flow meter with an integrated thermal buffer waveguide consisting of five parallel stainless steel strips. These, in addition to thermal protection, may function as a transducer array, with the possibility of steering the emitted field. Because the buffer strips used in the transducer assembly are thin, one might expect Lamb-like guided waves to propagate along it. However, the finite width of the strips has a significant effect on the propagation characteristics of the guided waves. In this work, the effect of the waveguide's small rectangular cross-section has been studied. Additionally, we have examined the effect of thermal gradients on the average sound speed and dispersion characteristics of such strip waveguides. We also suggest modifications to the plate geometry, which can alter both the frequency content and the shape of the transmitted pulse, potentially giving a better signal to use in flow measurement.

Graded Elastic Waveguide Metamaterial Rod for Up-Conversion of Longitudinal Axisymmetric Guided Ultrasonic Wave Modes

“…W AVEGUIDES are extended structures used for confining and guiding elastic and other types of waves, initially studied widely in the context of measurement of flow [1], [2]. Today they find applications in the remote monitoring of temperature [3], viscosity [4], [5], environmental parameters [6], material properties [7], [8], setting of concrete [9]- [11] and curing of composites [12], especially when the vulnerable transducers and piezoelectric elements need to be isolated from harsh environments. Examples are the measurement of thickness at temperatures >500 0 C [13], thickness of hot plates and molten metals up to 960 0 C and on-line monitoring of polymer extrusion [14].…”