Parallel island based Memetic Algorithm with Lin–Kernighan local search for a real-life Two-Echelon Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem based on Brazilian wholesale companies

Emergency logistics network optimization with time window assignment

“…2E-VRPTW has two levels that use different fleets of vehicles. The first echelon is the delivery from depots to satellites by first-echelon trucks, and the second echelon is the delivery from the satellites to customers by second-echelon vehicles ( Li et al, 2016 , Bevilaqua et al, 2019 , Sluijk et al, 2022 ). Grangier et al (2016) investigated 2E-VRPTW by considering multiple trips on the second echelon and developed an ALNS algorithm that includes customer destruction and a repair heuristic to solve the problem.…”

“…The feasible first-level solutions are enumerated based on the bounding functions and second-level route enumeration in these algorithms. Bevilaqua et al (2019) studied 2E-VRPTW on the basis of a real wholesale company in Brazil and aimed to minimize the travel cost in the two echelons. They combined an efficient island-based memetic algorithm with Lin–Kernighan local search to address 2E-VRPTW.…”

A Slime Mold-Ant Colony Fusion Algorithm for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem

“…In addition, the welding sequence, cable wiring, data clustering and so on can all be effectively solved by TSP. Some heuristic algorithms have yielded the good results in solving TSP such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) [4][5], Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [6][7], Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun Solver (LKH) [8][9][10] and etc. Among them, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) [11][12][13][14][15] has been widely applied in the traditional path planning and has good effect.…”