Parallel Cloth Simulation Using OpenGL Shading Language

Abstract

The primary goal of cloth simulation is to express object behavior in a realistic manner and achieve real-time performance by following the fundamental concept of physic. In general, the mass-spring system is applied to real-time cloth simulation with three types of springs. However, hard spring cloth simulation using the mass-spring system requires a small integration time-step in order to use a large stiffness coefficient. Furthermore, to obtain stable behavior, constraint enforcement is used instead of maintenance of the force of each spring. Constraint force computation involves a large sparse linear solving operation. Due to the large computation, we implement a cloth simulation using adaptive constraint activation and deactivation techniques that involve the mass-spring system and constraint enforcement method to prevent excessive elongation of cloth. At the same time, when the length of the spring is stretched or compressed over a defined threshold, adaptive constraint activation and deactivation method deactivates the spring and generate the implicit constraint. Traditional method that uses a serial process of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) to solve the system in every frame cannot handle the complex structure of cloth model in real-time. Our simulation utilizes the Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) parallel processing with compute shader in OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) to solve the system effectively. In this paper, we design and implement parallel method for cloth simulation, and experiment on the performance and behavior comparison of the mass-spring system, constraint enforcement, and adaptive constraint activation and deactivation techniques the using GPU-based parallel method.

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“…Not only does this provide a framework for rendering models, but it also enhances our understanding of how graphics drivers work. The study of vertex and fragment pipelines and the rasterized Shader algorithm based on OpenGL ES 3.0+ holds much practical significance [14]. Figure 10 shows the working principle of image rasterization.…”

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“…Therefore, many studies have partitioned their method to be able to fit the concept of parallelism to gain the benefit of performance acceleration. The previous research by Va et al [41] proposed the GPU-based mass-spring method for cloth simulation using the OpenGL platform. Several researchers have also proposed the parallel method for GPU computing with a remarkable improvement compared to CPU-based approaches [42]- [44].…”

“…However, most of the methods tried to move the position directly which ignored the physical consequences of the dynamic behavior of motion, and it can cause many further problems whenever the collision phase involves. A constraint enforcement method that corrects the force magnitude is considered instead of its discussion in [41].…”