Paragonimiasis in South Korea—Immunodiagnostic, Epidemiologic, Clinical, Roentgenologic and Therapeutic Studies *

Sadun, E. H.; Buck, Alfred A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1960.9.562

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Less commonly, ectopic paragonimiasis has been reported to involve the breast (55), adrenal gland (58), heart and mediastinum (148), and genital organs (202). Ectopic paragonimiasis has been reported as an uncommon cause of infertility secondary to fallopian tube obstruction in women and of marked swelling of the scrotum in men (59,151).…”

Section: Ectopic Paragonimiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Paragonimiasis (Caused by Paragonimus kellicotti ) in the Context of Global Paragonimiasis

2009

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SUMMARY Paragonimus species are highly evolved parasites with a complex life cycle that involves at least three different hosts, i.e., snails, crustaceans, and mammals. The adult forms of Paragonimus species reside and mate in the lungs of a variety of permissive mammalian hosts, including humans. Although human paragonimiasis is uncommonly encountered in North America, both autochthonous and imported disease may be encountered. Paragonimus kellicotti, the species endemic to North America, is a well-known pathogen in wild and domestic animals. Five patients with North American paragonimiasis have been reported in the recent medical literature. The biologic, clinical, radiologic, and laboratory features of paragonimiasis are reviewed, with emphasis on North American paragonimiasis whenever possible.

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Section: Ectopic Paragonimiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Paragonimiasis (Caused by Paragonimus kellicotti ) in the Context of Global Paragonimiasis

2009

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“…In China, boys outnumbered girls three to one in a sample of 58 children infected with P. westermani [ 144 ], suggesting that boys are more adventurous in catching and eating raw crabs. The bias towards infection in adult male Koreans in the past might have been because they were more likely than females to drink alcohol, which was accompanied by ingestion of freshwater crabs [ 143 ]. In Laos, prevalences are higher among males, possibly because they were more likely to work outdoors where they could fi nd and eat crabs [ 35 ].…”

Section: Cultural and Dietary Habits Aiding Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender biases have been noted in many reports, with male patients generally outnumbering females [ 143 ]. One meta-analysis [ 2 ] estimated a global male-female ratio of 1.267 in numbers of paragonimiasis cases, but did acknowledge that ratios vary a lot from place to place.…”

Section: Cultural and Dietary Habits Aiding Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple sputum samples should be examined from each patient before a negative result can be declared with any confi dence. The record seems to be 27 for the number of sputum specimens examined before eggs were found [ 143 ]. Eggs are rarely found in feces, but this most commonly in children, who tend to swallow rather than spitting [ 216 ].…”

Section: Parasitological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paragonimiasis

Blair

2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…Standard diagnosis in endemic areas relies on sputum examination by direct microscopy of fresh sputum (wet film mount, WF) and concentration techniques such as formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT), as well as stool sample examinations [3], [6]–[9]. In 1960, Sadun and Buck reported from their studies in South Korea that only debris of Paragonimus eggs were found in Ziehl-Neelsen stained (ZNS) sputum slides [7]. Since then, Paragonimus eggs diagnosis based on ZNS sputum has been abandoned [4], [5], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Technique Can Diagnose Paragonimiasis

et al. 2011

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BackgroundWe evaluated the Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZNS) technique for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis in Laos and compared different modifications of the ZNS techniques.MethodologyWe applied the following approach: We (1) examined a paragonimiasis index case's sputum with wet film direct examination (WF) and ZNS; (2) re-examined stored ZNS slides from two provinces; (3) compared prospectively WF, ZNS, and formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) for sputum examination of patients with chronic cough; and (4) compared different ZNS procedures. Finally, we assessed excess direct costs associated with the use of different diagnostic techniques.Principal Findings Paragonimus eggs were clearly visible in WF and ZNS sputum samples of the index case. They appeared brownish-reddish in ZNS and were detected in 6 of 263 archived ZNS slides corresponding to 5 patients. One hundred sputum samples from 43 patients were examined with three techniques, which revealed that 6 patients had paragonimiasis (13 positive samples). Sensitivity per slide of the FECT, ZNS and the WF technique was 84.6 (p = 0.48), 76.9 (p = 0.25) and 61.5% (p = 0.07), respectively. Percentage of fragmented eggs was below 19% and did not differ between techniques (p = 0.13). Additional operational costs per slide were 0 (ZNS), 0.10 US$ (WF), and 0.79 US$ (FECT). ZNS heated for five minutes contained less eggs than briefly heated slides (29 eggs per slide [eps] vs. 42 eps, p = 0.01). Bloodstained sputum portions contained more eggs than unstained parts (3.3 eps vs. 0.7 eps, p = 0.016).Conclusions/Significance Paragonimus eggs can easily be detected in today's widely used ZNS of sputum slides. The ZNS technique appears superior to the standard WF sputum examination for paragonimiasis and eliminates the risk of tuberculosis transmission. Our findings suggest that ZNS sputum slides should also be examined routinely for Paragonimus eggs. ZNS technique has potential in epidemiological research on paragonimiasis.

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Paragonimiasis in South Korea—Immunodiagnostic, Epidemiologic, Clinical, Roentgenologic and Therapeutic Studies *

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

North American Paragonimiasis (Caused by Paragonimus kellicotti ) in the Context of Global Paragonimiasis

North American Paragonimiasis (Caused by Paragonimus kellicotti ) in the Context of Global Paragonimiasis

Paragonimiasis

Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Technique Can Diagnose Paragonimiasis

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