Paraganglioma of the thyroid gland: cytologists’ enigma

Akhtar, Kafil; Ray, Prasenjit Sen; Ahmad, Saima; Sherwani, Rana K

doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-009518

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…20 The majority of described cases (n = 48, 88.9%) were women (mean age 49.4 y; range, 9 to 78 y), with only a few reports of children 12 and young women. 18,44 Most thyroid PGs in women (n = 40, 90.9%) occurred between 30 and 69 years with a peak at 50 to 59 years (n = 13, 29.5%). Thyroid PGs presented in men in just 11.1% of cases (n = 6) with a mean age of 45.2 years (range, 24 to 60 y) with only 1 case reported before the age of 40.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thyroid Paraganglioma

Pelizzo¹,

Conti²,

Pennelli

et al. 2018

American Journal of Clinical Oncology

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These are the only 2 cases of thyroid PG experienced in our center which specializes in thyroid surgery. Thyroid PG is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm first described by Van Miert in 1964 with just over 50 cases reported in the literature. Our experience is concordant with the literature that the diagnosis of the primary PG of the thyroid is challenging, due to its low prevalence and the cytologic and histopathologic similarities with other more frequently diagnosed benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Immunohistochemistry is required for definitive diagnosis but gross tumor characteristics are also helpful for diagnosis. Surgical resection is the recommended standard treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thyroid Paraganglioma

Pelizzo¹,

Conti²,

Pennelli

et al. 2018

American Journal of Clinical Oncology

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“…The literature provides good evidence that extensive surgical resection can achieve a long disease-free interval (5,7,10,11). Although irradiation has been demonstrated to be effective for enlarging and symptomatic paragangliomas (12,13), an indication for primary radiotherapy is established rarely, and only if a surgical procedure is likely to involve a high risk of damage to several vessels and nerves (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the pre-operative diagnosis of TP by clinical findings and radiological examinations remains difficult (5,6,9). The morphology of TP is difficult to distinguish from that of MTC and thus, pre-operative FNAC biopsy or intraoperative frozen section analysis rarely report a correct diagnosis (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgery is generally the recommended treatment method, and few cases involving local recurrence or metastasis following surgical mass excision have been reported. In certain cases, TP can mimic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). MTC arises from parafollicular cells and exhibits similar microscopic features to TP, with a nesting or organoid pattern of growth under histological examination (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary thyroid paraganglioma mimicking medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Xing

Wang

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Primary thyroid paraganglioma (TP) is an uncommon tumor, and in rare cases, this disease tends to mimic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The present study reports a rare case of primary TP mimicking thyroid carcinoma, accompanied by hyperthyroidism. A 30-year-old female presented with an anterior cervical mass. Pre-operative radiological studies and operative frozen section analysis indicated an atypical MTC. Primary TP was finally diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemical staining. Laboratory examinations (thyroid hormones tests) and Tc99m emission computed tomography revealed hyperthyroidism. Gene analysis of TP-associated gene mutations was negative. Surgical resection was performed as a curative approach and there is currently no metastasis after 36 months of follow-up. Surgeons must be aware of this disease in order to ensure a correct diagnosis and to prevent them from performing unnecessary procedures. The current study presents a case of primary TP mimicking MTC, discusses the radiographic results and histological characteristics, and provides a review of the associated literature.

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“…Only 45 thyroid paragangliomas have been previously reported (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). These tumors were much more common in women at approximately a 9:1 ratio compared with men (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant Primary Paraganglioma of the Thyroid Gland: The First Reported Case

Reznick

Scharpf

Doshi

et al. 2016

AACE Clinical Case Reports

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Objective: Primary paragangliomas of the thyroid gland are rare tumors with just 45 previously reported cases in the literature. While locally aggressive tumor behavior has been documented, there are no reported cases of a malignant thyroid paraganglioma.Methods: This report presents the case of a 73-yearold female who presented with a rapidly enlarging right thyroid mass.Results: At the time of initial resection, the mass had grossly invaded the trachea and esophagus and encased the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Central neck lymph node metastases were present. A right thyroid lobectomy with central neck dissection was performed, with a final histologic diagnosis of primary paraganglioma of the thyroid gland. Within 1 year, the patient showed local tumor recurrence that required a laryngeopharyngectomy with reconstruction. New cervical lymph node metastases had also developed, and within 1 year a solitary liver metastasis was identified and excised, confirming the malignant nature of the tumor.Conclusion: Thyroid paragangliomas are an extremely rare subset of thyroid tumors that have gained increasing recognition as a clinical entity in recent years. Recent case reports and a review of the literature emphasize that despite a tendency to display aggressive local behavior; distant metastatic spread was not reported for any of the 45 previously reported cases. This is the first case to show clearly malignant behavior in a thyroid primary paraganglioma with local recurrence as well as regional lymph node and distant tumor metastases. This case has important implications pertaining to patient postoperative management and emphasizes the importance of perioperative and postoperative surveillance for possible local recurrence or metastasis. (AACE Clinical Case Rep. 2016;2:e70-e75)

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Paraganglioma of the thyroid gland: cytologists’ enigma

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Thyroid Paraganglioma

Thyroid Paraganglioma

Primary thyroid paraganglioma mimicking medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Malignant Primary Paraganglioma of the Thyroid Gland: The First Reported Case

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