Thyroid Paraganglioma

Paragangliomas of the thyroid gland are rare and usually they originate from the inferior laryngeal paraganglia. In this case report, we describe the case of a 78-year-old woman who presented with an incidental finding of thyroid nodule dislocating the trachea. After a systemic and radiological evaluation, right lobo-isthmectomy was performed, and the definitive diagnosis of paraganglioma was reached. Diagnosis of these thyroidal lesions could be difficult due to their rarity, to their specific radiological aspects and the need of employing specific histological staining techniques. Once the definitive diagnosis is reached, patients should undergo a systemic and genetic evaluation. Surgery is the gold standard treatment; radiotherapy should be considered when aggressive behavior is suspected. Regular long-lasting follow-up should be proposed to these patients considering the unpredictable behavior of these lesions.

show abstract

“…This characteristic is assessed considering the presence of metastasis to lymph nodes or other organs. 20…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraganglioma of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from neural crest-derived paraganglion cells situated in the region of autonomic nervous system and accompanying nerves. They are more common in the head and neck, superior mediastinum, and retroperitoneum . Thyroid paraganglioma represents fewer than 0.10% of thyroid neoplasms and only approximately 0.012% of all head and neck tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid paraganglioma represents fewer than 0.10% of thyroid neoplasms and only approximately 0.012% of all head and neck tumors. It was first described in 1964, and more than 50 cases have been reported, with a malignancy rate of 4% to 16% . Thyroid paragangliomas arise from paraganglia within the thyroid capsule, thus eventually developing intrathyroidally .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Not-So-Simple Thyroid Nodule

Jia

Day

Hussain

2021

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 50-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of a neck mass that was associated with hoarseness of voice and globus sensation. Physical examination showed thyromegaly (right greater than left) with an approximately 5-cm palpable nodule in the right lobe. There was no tenderness or cervical lymphadenopathy. There was no prior radiation exposure to the head and neck area. Thyroid function test results were normal, and she did not take thyroid medications. A relative had received a diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer at age 50 years. There was no other pertinent family history, including a history of multiple endocrine neoplasia. Ultrasonography results showed a multinodular goiter with a dominant 4.6-cm right thyroid nodule, 1.6-cm left-sided thyroid nodule, and suspect left level IV lymph node. Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy results showed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (Bethesda VI) with a BRAFV600E variation in the left nodule and lymph node, and atypia of undetermined significance (Bethesda III) with a suspicious Afirma genomic sequence classifier in the right nodule. She underwent total thyroidectomy with modified left lateral neck dissection. Gross examination of the specimen showed a 2.9-cm pale-tan, partially circumscribed, soft nodule in the right thyroid lobe; a 1.4-cm paletan, fibrotic, centrally brown nodule in the left lobe; and a 1.8-cm pale-tan, rubbery, partially circumscribed nodule in the isthmus. Histologic examination of the right thyroid lesion was performed (Figure ), with ancillary testing. Diagnosis D. Thyroid paraganglioma Discussion

show abstract

“…The sustentacular cells are almost always positive for S-100 protein [16]. The presence of neuroendocrine markers helps differentiate PGs from other tumors originating from the neural crest, whereas the absence of the epithelial and calcitonin staining differentiate the PGs from the laryngeal carcinoids and small cell carcinomas [12]. Negative staining for keratins, cytokeratins, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin excludes primary thyroid neoplasms, including MTC and FTC, which are positively stained with CEA and calcitonin markers [12].…”

Section: Pitfalls In Pathologic Diagnosis Of Subglottic Pgs At Atypical Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls in the management of subglottic paragangliomas at unusual location: a case report and literature review

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

BMC Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Subglottic paragangliomas (PGs) are exceptionally rare and unpredictable, occasionally presenting at an atypical location. There are three different clinical forms of subglottic PGs: intraluminal (tracheal PGs), extraluminal (thyroid PGs) and the mixed type (both intraluminal and extraluminal, mixed-subglottic PGs). These tumors are usually misdiagnosed as other relatively common primary thyroid or laryngotracheal tumors, and the treatment is troublesome. Case presentation A 22-year-old male patient with subglottic PGs has been successively misdiagnosed as thyroid tumors and subglottic hemangiomas, and lastly underwent local extended lumpectomy and laryngotracheal reconstruction with a pedicled thoracoacromial artery perforator flap (PTAPF). The patient was decannulated successfully after the second-stage tracheal reconstruction with a local flap, and no evidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis of the tumor until now. Conclusion Subglottic PGs can be easily misdiagnosed as laryngotracheal or thyroid tumors when presented at an atypical location. It is essential for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons to remain vigilant against these tumors. If the tumor is not diagnosed or removed completely, patients may encounter a risk of lethal paroxysm, which is incredibly troublesome.

show abstract

Thyroid Paraganglioma

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Paraganglioma of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Paraganglioma of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

A Not-So-Simple Thyroid Nodule

Pitfalls in the management of subglottic paragangliomas at unusual location: a case report and literature review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About