Parafilm Sachet for Measuring Honeydew Excretion by Nilaparvata lugens on Rice1

Pathak, P. K.; Saxena, R. C.; Heinrichs, E. A.

doi:10.1093/jee/75.2.194

Cited by 87 publications

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“…Further studies are needed to determine whether additional genetic factors in wild BPH populations affect the virulence to Bph1. The virulence test in this study has an advantage over the traditional Parafilm sachet test by Pathak et al [26], because a reasonable interpretation of the phenotype is adopted to assess the individual virulence. Tanaka [17] specified that a honeydew quantity threshold of 10-20 mg/48 h used in the test is critical for the development and oviposition of adult females, while a quantity greater than the threshold showed no biological effect on the individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping of the rice resistance-breaking gene of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

et al. 2014

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Host plant resistance has been widely used for controlling the major rice pest brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). However, adaptation of the wild BPH population to resistance limits the effective use of resistant rice varieties. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted to identify resistance-breaking genes against the anti-feeding mechanism mediated by the rice resistance gene Bph1. QTL analysis in iso-female BPH lines with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers detected a single region on the 10th linkage group responsible for the virulence. The QTL explained from 57 to 84% of the total phenotypic variation. Bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing in F 2 progenies identified five SNPs genetically linked to the virulence. These analyses showed that virulence to Bph1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. In contrast to previous studies, the genefor-gene relationship between the major resistance gene Bph1 and virulence gene of BPH was confirmed. Identified markers are available for map-based cloning of the major gene controlling BPH virulence to rice resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping of the rice resistance-breaking gene of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

et al. 2014

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“…The evaluation experiments were repeated three times, and the resistance score of each F 2 individual was inferred from the weighted average of the scores for the seedlings in the corresponding F 3 families. To confirm the phenotypes of the recombinants, we generated ten F 4 Honeydew produced by adult insects was estimated as described previously 39 . Briefly, newly emerged brachypterous females (12-24 h old) were starved, but provided with water by a moist filter paper in a Petri dish, for 4 h. A single insect was then enclosed in a Parafilm sachet attached to the lower part (0-5 cm from the base) of a main tiller of a 6-week old rice plant grown in a pot.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gene cluster encoding lectin receptor kinases confers broad-spectrum and durable insect resistance in rice

et al. 2014

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nature biotechnology advance online publication l e t t e r sThe brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive pest of rice (Oryza sativa) and a substantial threat to rice production, causing losses of billions of dollars annually 1,2 . Breeding of resistant cultivars is currently hampered by the rapid breakdown of BPH resistance 2 . Thus, there is an urgent need to identify more effective BPH-resistance genes. Here, we report molecular cloning and characterization of Bph3, a locus in rice identified more than 30 years ago that confers resistance to BPH. We show that Bph3 is a cluster of three genes encoding plasma membrane-localized lectin receptor kinases (OsLecRK1-OsLecRK3). Introgression of Bph3 into susceptible rice varieties by transgenic or marker-assisted selection strategies significantly enhanced resistance to both the BPH and the white back planthopper. Our results suggest that these lectin receptor kinase genes function together to confer broad-spectrum and durable insect resistance and provide a resource for molecular breeding of insect-resistant rice cultivars.BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Hemiptera, Delphacidae) is a monophagous, phloem-sucking herbivore. It sucks the sap from the rice phloem using its stylet, and causes direct damage to rice plants. BPH can also cause indirect damage to rice plants through the transmission of viruses including the rice ragged stunt virus and grassy stunt virus 2 . Repeated overapplication of pesticides for BPH management has heavily polluted the environment 3 . Breeding of resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and environmentally responsible strategy for BPH management but developing insect resistant cultivars by traditional breeding approaches is extremely difficult and time consuming owing to a paucity of knowledge about BPH resistance genes and germplasm.To date, 28 BPH resistance loci have been identified from cultivated and wild species of Oryza 2,4,5 . Only two of these resistance genes, Bph14 and Bph26 have been cloned to date 6,7 . In addition, BPH resistance of IR26 and IR36, two widely cultivated rice varieties that harbor the BPH resistance loci Bph1 and bph2, respectively, was quickly broken down in just a few years owing to the rapid adaptation of the BPH 8 . Thus, there is still an urgent need to identify new types of resistance genes and germplasm for developing efficient approaches to breed broad-spectrum and durable BPH-resistant rice cultivars. Notably, the Bph3 locus, originally identified in the Sri Lankan indica cultivar Rathu Heenati 9 , displayed resistance to four BPH biotypes (BPH biotypes refer to specific populations of BPH classified according to their virulence on different BPH resistance genes) 2,10 . Furthermore, rice varieties harboring Bph3 deployed more than 30 years ago in the Philippines are still resistant to BPH 8 . However, the molecular basis of this broad-spectrum and durable resistance of Bph3 against BPH remains unknown.We observed that Bph3-containing Rathu Heenati infested with BPH of mixed biotypes (biotype ...

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“…A total of 30 third-instar BPH nymphs previously starved for 2 h were weighed and confined to a preweighed Parafilm sachet attached to the leaf sheath of a rice plant (Pathak et al, 1982). After 2 d of feeding, the sachets were removed from the plants and the insects were removed from the sachets.…”

Section: Honeydew Excretion and Bph Weight Gain Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coiled-Coil and Nucleotide Binding Domains of BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE14 Function in Signaling and Resistance against Planthopper in Rice

et al. 2017

Plant Cell

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BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE14 (BPH14), the first planthopper resistance gene isolated via map-based cloning in rice (Oryza sativa), encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide binding site, leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein. Several planthopper and aphid resistance genes encoding proteins with similar structures have recently been identified. Here, we analyzed the functions of the domains of BPH14 to identify molecular mechanisms underpinning BPH14-mediated planthopper resistance. The CC or NB domains alone or in combination (CC-NB [CN]) conferred a similar level of brown planthopper resistance to that of full-length (FL) BPH14. Both domains activated the salicylic acid signaling pathway and defense gene expression. In rice protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, these domains increased reactive oxygen species levels without triggering cell death. Additionally, the resistance domains and FL BPH14 protein formed homocomplexes that interacted with transcription factors WRKY46 and WRKY72. In rice protoplasts, the expression of FL BPH14 or its CC, NB, and CN domains increased the accumulation of WRKY46 and WRKY72 as well as WRKY46-and WRKY72-dependent transactivation activity. WRKY46 and WRKY72 bind to the promoters of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase gene RLCK281 and the callose synthase gene LOC_Os01g67364.1, whose transactivation activity is dependent on WRKY46 or WRKY72. These findings shed light on this important insect resistance mechanism.

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Parafilm Sachet for Measuring Honeydew Excretion by Nilaparvata lugens on Rice1

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic mapping of the rice resistance-breaking gene of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Genetic mapping of the rice resistance-breaking gene of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

A gene cluster encoding lectin receptor kinases confers broad-spectrum and durable insect resistance in rice

The Coiled-Coil and Nucleotide Binding Domains of BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE14 Function in Signaling and Resistance against Planthopper in Rice

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