Paradise lost? Pesticide pollution in a European region with considerable amount of traditional agriculture

Inclusion of Pesticide Transformation Products Is Key to Estimating Pesticide Exposures and Effects in Small U.S. Streams

“…Initial field studies (e.g., refs and ) measured 10 or fewer TPs, but that number has continued to increase with improved analytical methods. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analytical instruments now provide increased sensitivity and selectivity that allows for the determination of parents and their more polar TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations. − The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a pioneer in the measurement of pesticide TPs, evolved from measuring 8 TPs in surface water and groundwater in the 1990s to measuring 40 TPs in the 2000s. , More recently, target methods, including those of the USGS, have expanded to measure more than 100 TPs. ,,, Newer target and suspect-screening methods measure hundreds to more than a thousand TPs, , although their application in field studies has been limited to a relatively small number of samples. Despite these analytical advances, research regarding TP exposure and toxicological effects of TPs in stream communities continues to be the exception rather than the rule. ,, …”

“…22,40 More recently, target methods, including those of the USGS, have expanded to measure more than 100 TPs. 12,26,41,42 Newer target and suspect-screening methods measure hundreds to more than a thousand TPs, 27,43 although their application in field studies has been limited to a relatively small number of samples. Despite these analytical advances, research regarding TP exposure and toxicological effects of TPs in stream communities continues to be the exception rather than the rule.…”

Application of fenitrothion on Heteropneustes fossilis causes alteration in morphology of erythrocytes via modifying hematological parameters

“…Agricultural intensification is characterized by a greater usage of pesticides [1] , and one-third of the global agricultural production is estimated to be protected from the effects of pests by their usage [2] . However, the serious consequences arising from the misuse, overuse, and error in application of 5 billion kg of pesticides globally every year [3] have been extensively debated and studied to understand the residual impact on the environment when exposed to these chemicals [4] , [5] which affect the biodiversity, food safety, and ultimately human health as well as insecticide resistance [6] , [7] , [8] .…”

Predicting Environmental Concentrations and the Potential Risk of Plant Protection Products (PPP) on Non-Target Soil Organisms Accounting for Regional and Landscape Ecological Variability in European Soils

“…Every year, 2.4 million tons pesticide active substance (a.s.) are released into the environment (US EPA, 2011), being Europe the continent with largest pesticide consumptions worldwide (Enserink et al, 2013;Storck et al, 2017). Pesticides can enter soil or surface waters via leaching and run-off, thus affecting non-target species in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Schreiner et al, 2021). These species are those directly and/or indirectly exposed to PPP without being primary targets around or in the crops.…”