Paradiplomacy Management and Local Political Movement in Aceh, Indonesia, and Catalonia, Spain

Abstract

This article focuses on paradiplomatic management in Aceh, Indonesia, and Catalonia, Spain, as a comparative study. The two different regions have at least two similar characteristics: both are recognised by central government as widely autonomous provinces compared to other provinces, and both obtained the wider autonomy in the same period, 2006; they also have same problems with revolutionary groups that attempt to withdraw from central government. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic management in both local governments. The main objective is to identify similarities and differences in paradiplomatic patterns and to scrutinise paradiplomatic activism pertaining to the instrument of political movements in both regions. The findings confirm that patterns of paradiplomacy management are typically similar, and influenced by the dynamic of local political movements, and that paradiplomatic activism is an instrument in political movements. It is argued that paradiplomatic management by secessionist regions performs the same pattern both in federal and unitary systems, and is reflected in the changes of regional laws on paradiplomatic affairs.

Formal Reconciliation to Adjudge Psychological and Physical Abuses Committed During Civil War in Acehnese Society

“…The declaration consist of the protection to indigenous people to develop their customary, to protect tradition, faith and believe, to adopt legal resources, etc. 14,15,16 .…”

West Jakarta Government’s Paradiplomacy towards Global Public in Kalideres Refugee Issues

“…This concept explains the theoretical continuation of transgovernmentalism growth in the international community, namely the increasing number of sub-state actors in foreign relations. This concept explains that various actors can carry out state actors" diplomacy in different layers (Criekemans, 2008 as cited in Mukti et al, 2019). According to Chatterji & Saha (2017), paradiplomacy is a process of constituent units of the state conducting its diplomatic relations to pursue their interests, which may differ from or side by side with their country of origin.…”

Korean Gastro Diplomacy: Strategy To Enhance Country Promotion Toward Moslem Countries

“…The key word of this definition is a means or instrument or a tool, which can be anything as long as it can influence other countries. Paradiplomatic management by secessionist regions follows the same pattern in federal and unitary systems, and is reflected in the changes of their regional laws on paradiplomatic affairs Mukti, et. al (2019).…”