Paradiplomacy and the International Competitiveness of Cities: the case of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate paradiplomacy as regards the city of Rio de Janeiro, by investigating the city's actions, policies and international integration strategies. The method used involved both secondary data analysis and semistructured interviews with public actors of municipal organizations. The results show that the city's international involvement grew considerably after its announcement as host of the 2016 Olympics.Keywords: Paradiplomacy; Rio de Janeiro; Olympics; Global City. IntroductionW ith the process of globalization intensifying since the 1990s comes a myriad of factors that accentuate and complexify the interaction between actors in the international system. Economic and business development, modernization of transport and telecommunications infrastructure, unfettered movement of goods, services and capital, strong global awareness of strategic and defense issues such as environmental protection and the fight against terrorism, the formation of communities of international partners: all of these are elements that illustrate Copyright:• This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author and source are credited.• Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.

Is it the end of North-American hegemony? A structuralist perspective on Arrighi’s systemic cycles of accumulation and the theory of hegemonic stability

“…In addition, there is evidence that a number of other international actors are achieving more power in the international arena. Examples are the multinational corporations (Chesnais, 1996), global cities (Curtis, 2009(Curtis, , 2014(Curtis, , 2016Mendes and Figueira, 2017) and even networks (Corbetta, 2013).…”

Mengkaji Peluang dan Tantangan Praktik Paradiplomasi Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia di Kawasan Indo-Pasifik

“…Namun, tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mewujudkan peluang tersebut cukup besar. Tantangan yang dihadapi antara lain memahami soft power yang digunakan oleh suatu provinsi atau kota dan menemukan mitra yang cocok untuk praktik paradiplomasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik (Mendes & Figueira, 2017). Terdapat kesan yang sedikit menantang untuk memulai kerjasama internasional bagi provinsi atau kota di negara berkembang mengingat praktik paradiplomasi dan interaksi hubungan internasional yang belum terlalu familiar di kalangan pemerintah daerah.…”

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“…Veja-se, por exemplo, o trabalho de Martins e Ferreira (2011a) que, ao avaliarem o engajamento de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro em redes transnacionais de municípios, reconheceram que são incipientes as contribuições científicas nessa temática que foquem nas "grandes potências em desenvolvimento", como é o caso do Brasil. Outros estudos continuaram nessa mesma linha, ou seja, focaram na influência das redes em políticas públicas municipais de São Paulo (Setzer, 2009) e do Rio de Janeiro (Mendes e Figueira, 2017), apesar de o segundo não avançar nas políticas climáticas impulsionadas por tais redes.…”