Paracoccidioidomycosis in the United States (South American Blastomycosis)

Linares, Guillermo; Baker, Roger; Linares, Leonor I.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1971.00770060760015

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Over 100 PCM cases have been reported in Europe, the United States of America, Canada, Africa, and Asia. The patients are usually non-autochthonous, mainly immigrants or travelers from endemic countries [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In a recent systematic review, Wagner et al [ 4 ] identified 83 patients with PCM in 11 European countries, most of whom were from Spain, Italy, and Germany.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Paracoccidioidomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Peçanha

Peçanha-Pietrobom

Velloso

et al. 2022

JoF

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. In the last two decades, enhanced understanding of the phylogenetic species concept and molecular variations has led to changes in this genus’ taxonomic classification. Although the impact of the new species on clinical presentation and treatment remains unclear, they can influence diagnosis when serological methods are employed. Further, although the infection is usually acquired in rural areas, the symptoms may manifest years or decades later when the patient might be living in the city or even in another country outside the endemic region. Brazil accounts for 80% of PCM cases worldwide, and its incidence is rising in the northern part of the country (Amazon region), owing to new settlements and deforestation, whereas it is decreasing in the south, owing to agriculture mechanization and urbanization. Clusters of the acute/subacute form are also emerging in areas with major human intervention and climate change. Advances in diagnostic methods (molecular and immunological techniques and biomarkers) remain scarce, and even the reference center’s diagnostics are based mainly on direct microscopic examination. Classical imaging findings in the lungs include interstitial bilateral infiltrates, and eventually, enlargement or calcification of adrenals and intraparenchymal central nervous system lesions are also present. Besides itraconazole, cotrimoxazole, and amphotericin B, new azoles may be an alternative when the previous ones are not tolerated, although few studies have investigated their use in treating PCM.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Paracoccidioidomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Peçanha

Peçanha-Pietrobom

Velloso

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Over 100 PCM cases have been reported in Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa. PCM diagnosis among travelers or immigrants from endemic countries is challenging once the disease develops decades after exposure [ 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Paracoccidiodomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis

Peçanha-Pietrobom

Tirado‐Sánchez

Gonçalves

et al. 2023

JoF

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Coccidioidomycosis (CM) and paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are systemic mycoses that are highly endemic in Latin America and have recently been included on the World Health Organization (WHO) Fungal Priority Pathogens List. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are recognized as etiological agents of CM, with peculiarities in their geographic distribution. The genus Paracoccidioides now includes Paracoccidioides lutzii and the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, which encompasses four phylogenetic species. In both diseases, pulmonary signs and symptoms are the main reasons for patients to seek medical assistance, and they are frequently misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. In this paper, we present a critical view of the strategies for diagnosis and clinical management of CM and PCM. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of reports of endemic fungal infections in areas previously thought to be “non-endemic” due to climate change and increased travel, among other factors. Learning to recognize their main epidemiological aspects and clinical manifestations is crucial so that clinicians can include them in the differential diagnosis of lung disease and avoid late diagnosis.

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“…Some patients in the USA and Europe were initially thought to have North American blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitides). Therapy Sulfonamides and amphotericin B are both effective [19,20], the for mer being the obvious drug of choice. Only a few weeks of treatment are required to remove demonstrable yeasts from lesions and sputum.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

South American Blastomycosis: A Treated Case with Control Lung Function Studies

Lemle¹,

Neto²,

Mandel³

et al. 1974

Respiration

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A patient with far-advanced oral, lymph node and pulmonary infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was treated with amphotericin B because of hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. Oral lesions dis- sappeared with minimal scarring. Initially spectacular radiographic infiltration improved markedly. Minimal physiologic abnormalities remained unchanged.With increasing population mobility, South American blastomycosis is likely to be found more often in non-endemic areas. Clinical features, fungal characteristics and therapy are discussed

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Paracoccidioidomycosis in the United States (South American Blastomycosis)

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis

South American Blastomycosis: A Treated Case with Control Lung Function Studies

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