Paracoccidioidomycosis in a Dog: Case Report of Generalized Lymphadenomegaly

Phylogenetic Species of Paracoccidioides spp. Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples in a Hyperendemic Area of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Southeastern Brazil

“…isolated from patients treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—FMRP/USP (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil)—from 1975 to 2019; two samples isolated from patients from Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná state ( Table S1 ); and four environmental samples (one soil and three armadillos isolates) collected in Ibiá, Minas Gerais state, were used in this study ( Table S2 ) [ 15 , 16 ]. The reference isolates were Pb18 (collected from the Laboratory of Medical Mycology Research of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School), representative of the species P. brasiliensis sensu stricto (S1b) [ 5 ]; Pbdog-EPM 194, representative of the species P. americana (PS2) [ 17 ]; T2-EPM 54, representative of the species P. restrepiensis (PS3) [ 18 ]; and Pb01, representative of the species P. lutzii [ 4 ] ( Table S3 ). These isolates were maintained by successive subcultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar (Oxoid ® LTD—Thermo Fisher Scientific ® , Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK), plus 0.15 g/L of chloramphenicol sodium succinate (Blau Farmacêutica, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil), and incubated at 25 °C.…”

Paracoccidioides Species Complex: Ecology, Phylogeny, Sexual Reproduction, and Virulence

“…Isolation of P. brasiliensis directly from its saprobic form has proved to be difficult. However, the fungus has been repeatedly cultured from the armadillo species Dasypus novemcinctus and Cabassous centralis in endemic PCM areas [12], [13] and, in unique cases, from dogs and two-toed sloths [14], [15]. Additional evidence of the infection of several wild and domestic animals has also been provided by intradermal, serological, histopathological, and molecular tests, revealing a broad distribution and adaptation to mammalian hosts [16].…”

Paracoccidioidomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and treatment up-dating

“…The study described the second case of canine PCM, again in a Dobermann breed dog and once more showing the prevalence of lymph node involvement, with vast histologic, mycological and molecular evidences. 3 Treatment with Itraconazole provided cure in 24 months. 3 Molecular methods were equally primordial for the detection of P.brasiliensis in the soil samples collected inside and around armadillos' burrows, demonstrating definitely that infecting samples exist in the soil of areas that are the habitat of these fungi.…”

“…3 Treatment with Itraconazole provided cure in 24 months. 3 Molecular methods were equally primordial for the detection of P.brasiliensis in the soil samples collected inside and around armadillos' burrows, demonstrating definitely that infecting samples exist in the soil of areas that are the habitat of these fungi. 4 The most revolutionary contribution, however, was the molecular identification of cryptic species, hidden inside genus Paracoccidioides.…”