Parabrachial neuron discharge in the cat is altered during the carbachol-induced REM sleep-like state (DCarb)

Gilbert, Kirk A.; Lydic, Ralph

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90049-f

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Pontine respiratory-modulated neurons modulate their discharge pattern to arousal state alteration, specifically with a significant decrease in activity during REM-sleep (239,340). This general pattern also occurred in a Carbachol (mixed cholinergic agonist) induced REM-sleep-like state (139,140). Furthermore, the discharge frequency of expiratory modulated neuron activity was decreased considerably more compared to inspiratory unit activity (139, 140).…”

Section: The Parabrachial Complex and Kölliker-fuse Nuclei Of The Dormentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Furthermore, the discharge frequency of expiratory modulated neuron activity was decreased considerably more compared to inspiratory unit activity (139, 140). However, tonic or weakly modulated respiratory neurons in the KF-area show heterogeneous effects, and are either activated or deactivated following Carbachol induced REM-sleep like states or during natural REM sleep (139, 140). …”

Section: The Parabrachial Complex and Kölliker-fuse Nuclei Of The Dormentioning

confidence: 89%

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Pontine Mechanisms of Respiratory Control

Dutschmann

Dick

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

215

201

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Pontine respiratory nuclei provide synaptic input to medullary rhythmogenic circuits to shape and adapt the breathing pattern. An understanding of this statement depends on appreciating breathing as a behavior, rather than a stereotypic rhythm. In this review, we focus on the pontine-mediated inspiratory off-switch (IOS) associated with postinspiratory glottal constriction. Further, IOS is examined in the context of pontine regulation of glottal resistance in response to multimodal sensory inputs and higher commands, which in turn rules timing, duration, and patterning of respiratory airflow. In addition, network plasticity in respiratory control emerges during the development of the pons. Synaptic plasticity is required for dynamic and efficient modulation of the expiratory breathing pattern to cope with rapid changes from eupneic to adaptive breathing linked to exploratory (foraging and sniffing) and expulsive (vocalizing, coughing, sneezing, and retching) behaviors, as well as conveyance of basic emotions. The speed and complexity of changes in the breathing pattern of behaving animals implies that “learning to breathe” is necessary to adjust to changing internal and external states to maintain homeostasis and survival.

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Section: The Parabrachial Complex and Kölliker-fuse Nuclei Of The Dormentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: The Parabrachial Complex and Kölliker-fuse Nuclei Of The Dormentioning

confidence: 89%

Pontine Mechanisms of Respiratory Control

Dutschmann

Dick

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

215

201

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“…In cats, the PB overlaps spatially with the PPT, and the entire complex is often called the “peribrachial region.” Several earlier studies examining single unit recordings in freely moving cats showed that many neurons in the “peribrachial” region are wake-active whereas others are REM-active (Gilbert and Lydic, 1990; Sieck and Harper, 1980), suggesting separate populations of neurons in this region controlling brain activation of wakefulness and REM sleep. In rats, the PPT and LDT are spatially differentiated from the PB and PC (respectively) so that the contributions of the two populations can be delineated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system

Fuller

Sherman

Pedersen

et al. 2011

J of Comparative Neurology

436

348

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The “ascending reticular activating system” theory proposed that neurons in the upper brainstem reticular formation projected to forebrain targets that promoted wakefulness. More recent formulations have emphasized that most neurons at the pontomesencepahlic junction that participate in these pathways are actually in monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups. However, cell-specific lesions of these cell groups have never been able to reproduce the deep coma seen after acute paramedian midbrain lesions that transect ascending axons at the caudal midbrain level. To determine whether the cortical afferents from the thalamus or the basal forebrain were more important in maintaining arousal, we first place large cell-body specific lesions in these targets. Surprisingly, extensive thalamic lesions had little effect on EEG or behavioral measures of wakefulness or on c-Fos expression by cortical neurons during wakefulness. In contrast, animals with large basal forebrain lesions were behaviorally unresponsive, had a monotonous sub-1 Hz EEG, and little cortical c-Fos expression during continuous gentle handling. We then retrogradely labeled inputs to the basal forebrain from the upper brainstem, and found a substantial input from glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial nucleus and adjacent pre-coeruleus area. Cell specific lesions of the parabrachial-precoeruleus complex produced behavioral unresponsiveness, a monotonous sub-1Hz cortical EEG, and loss of cortical c-Fos expression during gentle handling. These experiments indicate that in rats the reticulo-thalamo-cortical pathway may play a very limited role in behavioral or electrocortical arousal, while the projection from the parabrachial nucleus and precoeruleus region, relayed by the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex, may be critical for this process.

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“…Various reports show that the respiratory activity of parabrachial neurons is state-dependent. The activity of parabrachial respiratory neurons decreases during NREMS, and then becomes variable (both increases and decreases in discharge rate compared to NREMS were reported) during REMS (Lydic and Orem, 1975;Sieck and Harper, 1980;Gilbert and Lydic, 1990). Whether such state-dependent decreases in the activity of parabrachial respiratory neurons impacts on upper airway patency and upper airway tone, and therefore predisposes the system to obstructive sleep apnea, remains to be investigated (Fig.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Parabrachial Respiratory Regions To Statmentioning

confidence: 99%