Para-aminobenzoic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species and protects DNA against UV and free radical damage

Hu, Miao‐Lin; Chen, Yangkang; Chen, Ling-Chun; Sano, Mitsuaki

doi:10.1016/0955-2863(95)00082-b

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…PABA (formerly classified as vitamin B 10 ) has been used as an additive in CCM as an antioxidant and as a protective agent against UV radiation, as it absorbs light in the UVB range (Akberova, 2002;Hu, Chen, Chen, & Sano, 1995). UV radiation degrades PABA to the potentially toxic 4,4′-azodibenzoic acid (19) (Gasparro, 1985).…”

Section: Impact Of External Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins in cell culture media: Stability and stabilization strategies

Schnellbaecher

Binder

Bellmaine

et al. 2019

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Nowadays, chemically defined cell culture media (CCM) have replaced serum‐ and hydrolysate‐based media that rely on complex ingredients, such as yeast extracts or peptones. Benefits include a significantly lower lot‐to‐lot variability, more efficient manufacturing by reduction to essential components, and the ability to exclude components that may negatively influence growth, viability, or productivity. Even though current chemically defined CCMs provide an excellent basis for various mammalian biotechnological processes, vitamin instabilities are known to be a key factor contributing to the variabilities still present in liquid CCM as well as to short storage times. In this review, the chemical degradation pathways and products for the most relevant vitamins for CCM will be discussed, with a focus on the effects of light, oxygen, heat, and other CCM compounds. Different approaches to stabilize vitamins in solution, such as replacement with analogs, encapsulation, or the addition of stabilizing compounds will also be reviewed. While these vitamins and vitamin stabilization approaches are presented here as particular for CCM, the application of these concepts can also be considered relevant for pharmaceutical, medical, and food supplement purposes. More precise knowledge regarding vitamin instabilities will contribute to stabilize future formulations and thus decrease residual lot‐to‐lot variability.

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Section: Impact Of External Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins in cell culture media: Stability and stabilization strategies

Schnellbaecher

Binder

Bellmaine

et al. 2019

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…However, little is known regarding whether PABA may protect against UVA damage. We recently demonstrated that PABA is an effective scavenger of ROS (.OH, singlet oxygen ['O,] and HOCI) and protected DNA against UVC (254 nm)-potentiated damage to calf thymus DNA by a Fentontype reaction system (22). As PARA also absorbs light in the UVC region, the result did not distinguish the ability to scavenge ROS from that to absorb UV of PABA.…”

Section: Ntro D Uctl Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVA‐Potentiated Damage to Calf Thymus DNA by Fenton Reaction System and Protection by para‐Aminobenzoic Acid

Shih

1996

Photochem & Photobiology

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Calf thymus DNA was irradiated with low-intensity UVA (main output at 365 nm, 2 mW cm-2 or 36 kJ m-2 for 30 min), and the role of metal ions, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined. DNA damage was measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (possibly from degradation of deoxyribose) and as changes in ethidium bromide-DNA fluorescence due to unwinding from strand breaks. Under the present experimental conditions, UVA alone or in the presence of H2O2 had no effect on DNA but slightly enhanced the damage by iron/EDTA. Ultraviolet A strongly enhanced DNA damage (ca four- to five-fold) by the Fenton reaction system (50 microM Fe2+/100 microM EDTA + 0.5 mM H2O2). The results suggest that the Fenton reaction system was "photosensitized" to damage DNA by low-intensity UVA radiation. The enhanced damage by UVA was attributed in part to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. Ultraviolet A had no effect when iron (ferric or ferrous) ions were replaced by Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ or Cd2+. The ROS involved in the UVA-enhanced damage to DNA by the Fenton reagents were OH and, to a lesser extent, superoxide anions. The UVA-potentiated DNA damage by the Fenton reaction system was then used to examine the protective effect of para-aminobenzoate (PABA), a UVB-absorbing sunscreen that protects against photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice. The results show that PABA and mannitol dose-dependently inhibited the damage with concentrations required for 50% inhibition at 0.1 mM and 3 mM, respectively. The protection by PABA was attributed to its radical-scavenging ability because PABA does not absorb light in the UVA region. These findings may be relevant to the biological damage by UVA and suggest that PABA is useful in protection against photocarcinogenesis by wide-range UV radiation.

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“…To date the study of the effects of photoprotection molecules upon ROS production has been limited to a small number of solution-phase and in vitro experiments. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2-phenylbenzimidazle-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) induce both 1 O 2 and thymine-dimer formation, although the two have not been definitely correlated [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Solution-phase studies found that octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC), octocrylene (OC), and PABA all produce 1 O 2 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) [8,13].…”

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confidence: 99%