Papillary thyroid carcinoma involving cervical neck lymph nodes: correlations with lymphangiogenesis and ultrasound features

Choi, Younghoon; Park, Kyung Joo; Ryu, Seungho; Kim, Dong-Hoon; Yun, Jung Won; Kang, Doo Kyoung; Chun, Mison

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0178

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, this finding showed that the "wider than tall" shape had a statistical relationship with CLNM (p=0.0002, OR=0.461). The possible reasons are as follows: 1) Corresponding with prior studies and this study, micro-carcinomas (d≤1cm) preferred "taller than wide" more than macro-carcinomas (d>1cm) (Moon et al, 2008;Choi et al, 2012). Tumors larger than 1cm tended to grow along with the transverse axis, which would change the shape from "taller than wide" into the other.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Furthermore, according the p-value and odds ratio of table 3, extrathyroid extension is the second most related to CLNM. Extrathyroid extension has been widely considered to have a high risk of CLNM (Kwak et al, 2008;Choi et al, 2012;Joo et al, 2012;Patron et al, 2012;Zhan et al, 2012;Ito et al, 2013). Closer proximity to the capsule will offer more chances for tumors to touch those lymphatic vessels, thus contributing to metastasis of cancer cells along the lymphatic tubes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shorter Distance Between the Nodule and Capsule has Greater Risk of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Wang¹,

Cheng²,

Wen³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shorter Distance Between the Nodule and Capsule has Greater Risk of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Wang¹,

Cheng²,

Wen³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…The development of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) is essential for tumor cells to migrate into lymph nodes (i.e. lymphatic metastasis) [ 5 , 6 ]. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) plays a prominent role in the lymphatic metastasis of many cancers, including gastric cancer [ 7 ], cervical cancer [ 8 ], melanoma [ 9 ], and thyroid cancer [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer

et al. 2018

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Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) is essential for development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic metastases during carcinogenesis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the correlation between SRC-1 and VEGFC levels in the lymphatic metastases of thyroid cancer remains unclear. We analyzed 20-paired specimens of thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and found increased levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC proteins in 13/20 and 15/20 thyroid cancer specimens, respectively, when compared with those levels in specimens of normal thyroid tissue. A high level of SRC-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGFC and lymphatic endothelial cell marker LYVE-1 expression. Papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 displayed high levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC expression and was selected for stable knockdown of SRC-1 in vitro. Inhibition of SRC-1 significantly reduced the VEGFC levels in TPC-1 cells. We found that SRC-1 binds to transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65), and that this coactivation complex directly promoted VEGFC transcription, which could be abrogated by SRC-1 knockdown. Up-regulated NF-kB signaling was also confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues. In vivo studies showed that SRC-1 knockdown restricted tumor growth, reduced the numbers of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, and decreased the levels of VEGFC in tumor tissues. These results suggest a tumorigenic role for SRC-1 in thyroid cancer via its ability to regulate VEGFC expression.

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“…The dense lymphatic network in the thyroid suggests a higher likelihood of intratumoral spread. Some studies demonstrated increases in both intrathyroidal multifocality and LNM with increased intratumoral lymphogenesis [24,25]. It is important to know how multifocality occurs, because if this condition occurs through intrathyroidal metastasis, then there is an increased likelihood of extrathyroidal metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> Mutation: Has It a Role in Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer?

et al. 2016

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Background: The BRAF^V600E mutation is common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Lymph node metastasis (LNM) may be associated with poor prognosis. However, the LNM mechanism remains unclear. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of the BRAF^V600E mutation in primary tumors and accompanying LNM at the time of diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 51 PTC patients (40 women, 11 men; mean age 40.0 ± 16.5 years; range 6-81) who underwent total thyroidectomy accompanied by a lateral neck dissection due to preoperatively detected LNM. Real-time PCR was used for the detection of the BRAF^V600E mutation in specimens from primary thyroid tumors and metastatic lymph node tumors. Results: The prevalence of the BRAF^V600E mutation was 64.7% (n = 33) in primary tumors and 47.1% (n = 24) in metastatic lymph nodes. Of 33 patients with BRAF^V600E-positive primary tumors, 18 (54.5%) had BRAF^V600E-positive metastatic lymph nodes. Of 18 patients with BRAF^V600E-negative primary tumors, 6 (33.3%) had BRAF^V600E-positive metastatic lymph nodes. The presence of the BRAF^V600E mutation in the primary tumor did not affect the tumor size, but the diameter of metastatic lymph nodes significantly increased (by nearly 3 mm) with the presence of BRAF^V600E in LNM (p = 0.01). Conclusions: In our study, the BRAF^V600E mutation did not show a one-to-one correspondence. This indicates that the presence of BRAF^V600E in the primary tumor is not clonal and addresses the role of intratumor heterogeneity in PTC tumorigenesis. This supports the theses that mutations occur in the later stages of tumorigenesis, might be subclonal, and develop de novo, or that some other factors may be involved in the development of metastasis.

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Papillary thyroid carcinoma involving cervical neck lymph nodes: correlations with lymphangiogenesis and ultrasound features

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Shorter Distance Between the Nodule and Capsule has Greater Risk of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Shorter Distance Between the Nodule and Capsule has Greater Risk of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer

BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> Mutation: Has It a Role in Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer?

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