Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson's tumor) in children

Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia of the Vocal Cord: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…The pathogenesis of IPEH is unknown, but several mechanisms have been proposed [2,6,13]. One is an intravascular endothelial cell proliferation with papillary formation, which could advance to necrosis and degeneration [5].…”

“…With regard to associations between IPEH and thrombus, it has been proposed that the thrombotic process may have a causative role. Macrophages attracted by the thrombus may promote endothelial cell proliferation via the release of basic fibroblast growth factor, resulting in further secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor, in a vicious cycle resulting in increasing proliferation [6]. There are some indications that trauma might be one of the causes of abnormal organization and proliferation of endothelial cells around a thrombus, although in putative cases such as this, a relevant clinical history has not always been determined [6].…”

“…It was first described by Pierre Masson in 1923, who referred to it as “vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma”; therefore, it is also known as Masson’s tumor [3]. In addition, IPEH has been referred to as Masson’s pseudo-angiosarcoma, endovascularite proliferante thrombopoietique, intravenous atypical vascular proliferation, intravascular angiomatosis, vascular angiomatosis, intravascular endothelial proliferation, reactive papillary endothelial hyperplasia, and intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia [4–6]. The condition typically exists within the lumen of dilated vascular spaces or preexisting vascular lesions [2,6–8].…”

“…The condition typically exists within the lumen of dilated vascular spaces or preexisting vascular lesions [2,6–8]. It is more common in women, and can occur at any age [6,8]. The associated clinical manifestations and radiology findings are nonspecific, and diagnosis is based on histopathology analysis [5,9].…”

“…IPEH constitutes approximately 2% of vascular tumors, and the most frequently involved sites are the skin and subcutaneous vessels. It has a particular predilection for the hand, extremities, and the head and neck region [2,5,6]. In the head and neck regions, it often affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue, lip, oral mucosa, tongue, gingiva, or buccal mucosa.…”