PAPER PHYSICS. Analytical Prediction of Package Collapse Loads-Basic considerations

Ristinmaa, Matti; Ottosen, Niels Saabye; Korin, Christer

doi:10.3183/npprj-2012-27-04-p806-813

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The failure strength in this test, the SCT value, is considered to be an important measure for, for example, the foldability of the material, see Cavlin 1 and Carlsson et al, 2 and the box compression strength, cf. Ristinmaa et al 3 However, the deformation mechanisms that are active during this test have not yet been fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Deformation in Compression and Folding of Paperboard

Borgqvist

Wallin

Tryding

et al. 2016

Packag. Technol. Sci.

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The localized deformation patterns developed during in-plane compression and folding of paperboard have been studied in this work. X-ray post-mortem images reveal that cellulose fibres have been reoriented along localized bands in both the compression and folding tests. In folding, the paperboard typically fails on the side where the compressive stresses exists and wrinkles are formed. The in-plane compression test is however difficult to perform because of the slender geometry of the paperboard. A common technique to determine the compression strength is to use the so-called short-span compression test (SCT). In the SCT, a paperboard with a free length of 0.7 mm is compressed. Another technique to measure the compression strength is the long edge test where the motion of the paperboard is constrained on the top and bottom to prevent buckling. A continuum model that previously has been proposed by the authors is further developed and utilized to predict the occurrence of the localized bands. It is shown that the in-plane strength in compression for paperboard can be correlated to the mechanical behaviour in folding. By tuning the in-plane yield parameters to the SCT response, it is shown that the global response in folding can be predicted. The simulations are able to predict the formation of wrinkles, and the deformation field is in agreement with the measured deformation pattern. The model predicts an unstable material response associated with localized deformation into bands in both the SCT and folding. the machine direction (MD), and the transverse direction to MD is known as the cross direction (CD). The failure stress in ZD is typically two orders of magnitude smaller than the failure stress in MD, while the failure stress in CD is about two to three times lower than MD. To obtain a low weight, paperboard is commonly produced as a sandwiched structure, with stronger mechanical properties in the outer-plies (top and bottom) and weaker properties in the middle. Measurements and simulations have been performed for a single-ply board in this work.Good foldability implies minimum spring back and absence of cracks along fold lines, cf. Cavlin. 1 Because of the bending state present during folding, in-plane compression strength has been attributed for being the dominant factor affecting the foldability of paperboard. The SCT value multiplied with the thickness is shown to be correlated to the maximum bending moment by, for example, Edholm. 4 However, later investigations have confirmed that the out-of-plane shear is an important mechanism to consider during converting procedures, cf. Nygårds et al., 5 Beex and Peerlings, 6 and Borgqvist et al. 7 The in-plane compression strength is difficult to measure because of that structural instabilities (buckling) easily are triggered as a result of the slender geometry of the paperboard. To overcome the difficulties associated with the structural stability in compression tests, short-span length can be used to prevent the buckling. An alternative experimental method is ba...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Deformation in Compression and Folding of Paperboard

Borgqvist

Wallin

Tryding

et al. 2016

Packag. Technol. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…As the radius increases 3.6 times, the strength only increases about 25%, from 20-25 N to 25-30 N, depending on load case. It should also be noted that these values are far from the expected box compression resistance of the package, which can be estimated at 161 N and 276 N for orientations A and B, respectively, using the method described by Ristinmaa et al 3 and Korin et al 4 Because the corner For the spheres with larger radii, a change of stiffness was observed at some value for the displacement (see Figure 7 for an example). If the hypothesis holds that the transition should occur when the sphere makes contact with the crease and the standing panel is compressed directly, then there should be a linear relationship between the theoretical displacement at transition as calculated by using Equation 1 and the measured displacement at transition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Panyarjun and Burgess and Eriksson, Korin and Thuvander. 8,9 Ristinmaa et al 3 noted that predicting damage formation was the key to predicting compression resistance. Therefore, studying damage formation seems like a reasonable first step when trying to understand other loads as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Small Is a Point Load? A Preliminary Study of the Deformation and Failure of Cartons Subjected to Non-Uniform Loads

Eriksson

Korin

2017

Packag. Technol. Sci.

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Consumer packaging made from carton board is subjected to a variety of loads as it moves through the value chain. Packaging designers need tools for predicting the strength of packages under these loading conditions. For evenly distributed loads, there are methods for measuring and estimating compression resistance that can provide useful guidance. For loads concentrated to a small area, little work has been published. The aim of this preliminary study is to aid the development of a future test method for point loads by investigating how the size of the load application site influences the mechanical behaviour of the package. Rigid spheres of a range of sizes were used to compress packages. Small spheres gave rise primary damage in the form of a vertical yield line and secondary damage in the form of a parabolic yield line. Larger spheres produced a series of parabolic yield lines of increasing size. No vertical yield line appeared for the larger spheres. The larger spheres showed a stiffness transition at a displacement that could be estimated by considering the geometry of the test.

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“…In a recent study by Everitt et al ., Everitt et al the methods by McKee et al ., McKee et al Grangård Grangård and Ristinmaa et al . Ristinmaa et al were utilized to predict the box compression strength of cigarette and milk packaging. Each of the methods utilized in the study by Everitt et al Everitt et al provided good accuracy for some types of boards and poor accuracies for others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple‐to‐use, predictive method is desirable for both box producers (to develop structurally sufficient and efficient packaging as well as to develop a wide range of box designs) and paper producers (to sell their product to box producers). Three predictive methods, McKee et al ., McKee et al Grangård Grangård and Ristinmaa et al ., Ristinmaa et al were studied for paperboard (i.e. cardboard) box compression strength by Everitt et al Everitt et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Box Compression Strength: A Crippling Approach

Linvill

2015

Packag Technol Sci

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A crippling analysis method has been utilized to estimate the compression strength paperboard boxes. Crippling analysis is typically utilized in the aerospace industry to predict the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures with complex cross-sectional geometry. This type of analysis is investigated, because crippling is a simple, predictive method that can provide very good estimates of the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures. This preliminary study investigates the possibility of applying crippling analysis to estimate paperboard box compression strength by comparing experimental and theoretical results for box compression tests of milk and cigarette boxes in various loading scenarios and with various materials. This preliminary study shows that the crippling method provides results which are almost as accurate as pre-existing methods, although significant work remains to verify the validity and applicability of the crippling approach for paper-based boxes.

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PAPER PHYSICS. Analytical Prediction of Package Collapse Loads-Basic considerations

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Localized Deformation in Compression and Folding of Paperboard

Localized Deformation in Compression and Folding of Paperboard

How Small Is a Point Load? A Preliminary Study of the Deformation and Failure of Cartons Subjected to Non-Uniform Loads

Box Compression Strength: A Crippling Approach

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