Paper Electrophoresis in the Identification of Writing Inks. Comparison with Horizontal Paper Chromatography

Emerging Approaches in the Analysis of Inks on Questioned Documents

“…While optical and spectroscopic devices are still the main (and often, the only) instrumentation employed for questioned document examinations, microchemical methods are no longer used . In the 1950s, paper chromatography and electrophoresis were proposed to separate and identify dyes and pigments [14]. These have then been replaced by more advanced techniques such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) during the second part of the XX e century [15].…”

A chemistry whodunit: Forensic examination of pen inks

“…Semidestructive chromatography may involve wholly instrumental techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (46)(47)(48)(49) or electrophoresis (50)(51)(52). Student appreciation can be readily engendered at all levels, however, by using either paper (53,54) or thin-layer chromatography (55,56).…”

Characterization of Fountain Pen Inks by Porous Glass Chromatography and Electrophoresis

“…The application of paper strip electrophoresis for the characterization of inks has resulted in additional data that has proven helpful for the identification of unknown samples (9) (11). Equipment required for these separations is considerably more complex and expensive than that required for paper chromatography.…”