Emerging Approaches in the Analysis of Inks on Questioned Documents

Weyermann, Céline; Techabowornkiat, Korn-usa

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20542-3_11

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…By utilizing the IRL, different BP pen inks can be differentiated based on the color obtained during the investigation. A luminescent ink displays a white color when subjected to IRL, whereas a non-luminescent ink appears black [12,16]. Based on their luminescence response under the initial 400-485 nm band-pass filter, the examined samples were categorized into four main groups (Groups I-IV).…”

Section: Video Spectral Comparator (Vsc) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, all of these 12 samples maintain their luminescent activity when subjected to examination with the remaining optical filters, as well as the complete spectrum, as depicted in Figure 1. Even though little variations in luminescence strength exist due to some variations in the tone of the color between samples, ranging between a blurring white to off-white and gray color, all such samples were considered as having luminescence activity in our classification [16].…”

Section: Video Spectral Comparator (Vsc) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VSC instruments may also comprise a micro-spectrometer, enabling the measurement of reflected, transmitted, and luminescent light, which is a simple and valuable addition for the examination of a variety of pen types and documents [15]. Further forensic examination of inks using more complex and destructive analytical tools such as chromatography and spectroscopic techniques is typically required for deeper chemical analysis in forensic investigations [15,16]. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is an efficient, rapid, and cost-effective analytical tool that can provide side-to-side sample comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alleviating Luminescence and Quenching toward Discrimination of Ballpoint Pen Inks Using Spectroscopy and Chromatography Techniques

et al. 2023

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The phenomenon of luminescence and quenching is widely applied in the forensic examination of various ink materials. Here, we introduce a hybrid spectroscopic and chromatography approach to gain insights into the underlying cause of infrared luminescence (IRL) in blue ballpoint (BP) pen inks. A total of thirty BP pen ink samples from the Egyptian market were employed in this study. Insights into the origin of luminescence and quenching in the studied samples were gained based on video spectral comparator (VSC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results showed that some of the studied inks possessed IRL due to the presence of crystal violet and some other triaryl methane dyes. Nevertheless, some ink samples did not possess IRL, despite the presence of the dyes responsible for IRL in their matrix. Interestingly, the inclusion of phthalocyanine dye in those non-luminescent ink matrices resulted in luminescence quenching, mainly due to the overlap between the absorption of phthalocyanine dye and the luminescence of the triarylmethane dyes. The IRL behavior of the ink sample under the first illumination wave band (400–485 nm) exerted control over the IRL activity across subsequent illumination wavebands, and the most effective differentiation was achieved by utilizing the first and second preset filters in VSC. The results revealed the luminescent components present in studied inks and unraveled their distinct luminescence behavior present within the ink matrix. The combination of optical spectroscopy and chromatography techniques could provide a distinctive tool to reveal the luminescence and quenching behaviors of ink dyes for the successful forensic discrimination of several BP writing pens.

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Section: Video Spectral Comparator (Vsc) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Video Spectral Comparator (Vsc) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alleviating Luminescence and Quenching toward Discrimination of Ballpoint Pen Inks Using Spectroscopy and Chromatography Techniques

et al. 2023

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“…While ink analysis is carried out only in a small amount of questioned document cases (at least compared to handwriting comparison and security document examination), it still represents a significant amount of publications in the field [84,85] (see Fig. 5).…”

Section: Questioned Documentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards More Relevance in Forensic Science Research and Development

et al. 2022

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“…Laser pyrolysis is a technology known at least since the sixties (Folmer & Azarraga, 1969;Karn et al, 1967), although still today it is considered by several researchers (Gao et al, 2019;Koshida & Nakamura, 2019;Weyermann, 2019) as an emerging technology both in its most well-known fields of application and in the frontier research. Laser pyrolysis exploits a laser beam to provide the energy necessary for the pyrolysis reaction of a solid, liquid, or gaseous reagent inside a reactor in which there is a controlled and oxygen-free atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser pyrolysis in papers and patents

2021

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This paper presents a critical review of laser pyrolysis. Although this technology is almost 60 years old, in literature many researchers, both from academia and industry, are still developing and improving it. On the contrary industrial applications are struggling to take off, if not in very restricted areas, although the technology has undoubted advantages that justify future development. The aim of this work consists in analysing a representative pool of scientific papers (230) and patents (121), from the last 20 years, to have an overview about the evolution of the method and try to understand the efforts spent to improve this technology effectively in academia and in industry. This study is important to provide a complete review about the argument, still missing in the literature. The objective is to provide an overview sufficiently broad and representative in the sources and to capture all the main ways in which laser pyrolysis has been used and with what distribution. The main focuses of the study are the analyses of the functions carried out by laser technologies, the application fields, and the types of used laser (i.e. models, power and fluence). Among the main results, the study showed that the main use of laser pyrolysis is to produce nanoparticles and coatings, the main materials worked by laser pyrolysis are silicon and carbon dioxide and the main searched properties in the products of laser pyrolysis are catalysts activity and electrical conductivity. CO2 lasers are the most used and the have high versatility compared to others. In conclusion, the study showed that laser pyrolysis is a consolidated technology within its main application fields (nanoparticles and coatings) for several years. Within this context, the technology has been developed on very different sizes and processes, obtaining a very wide range of results. Finally, these results may also have stimulated new areas of experimentation that emerged mainly in recent years and which concern biomedical applications, additive manufacturing, and waste disposal. Graphical abstract

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Emerging Approaches in the Analysis of Inks on Questioned Documents

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Alleviating Luminescence and Quenching toward Discrimination of Ballpoint Pen Inks Using Spectroscopy and Chromatography Techniques

Alleviating Luminescence and Quenching toward Discrimination of Ballpoint Pen Inks Using Spectroscopy and Chromatography Techniques

Towards More Relevance in Forensic Science Research and Development

Laser pyrolysis in papers and patents

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