Pantothenic Acid Deficiency Induced in Human Subjects 1

Bean, William B.; Hodges, Robert E.; Daum, Kate; Bradbury, James T.; Gunning, Ruth; Manresa, Josefine; Murray, Walter; Oliver, Patricia; Routh, Joseph I.; Schedl, Harold P.; Townsend, Mary K.; Tung, I. Chu

doi:10.1172/jci103156

Cited by 74 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, pantothenic acid deficiency symptoms have been produced in man by feeding a vitamin antagonist in the studies of HoDGES et al (1), BEAN et al (2) and BEAN and HoDGES (3). Previous work in this laboratory by Fox and LINKSWILER (4) indicated that the customary intake of pantothenic acid from ordinary foods in the American diet is approximately 7mg daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans.

Fry

Fox

Tao³

1976

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe responses of human subjects to a low pantothenic acid test diet and to the same diet supplemented with 10mg pantothenic acid daily for 63 days were observed. Pantothenic acid in urine and blood and also nitrogen balance were used as criteria for nutritional evaluation. The mean daily urinary pantothenic acid excretion decreased from 3.05 to 0.79mg in male adult subjects fed a pantothenic acid deficient diet and increased from 3.95 to 5.84mg in 4 subjects fed a 10mg supplement ed diet from the beginning to the end of 63-day study. Subsequently, a test dose of 100mg of pantothenic acid was given to both groups for a 7-day period. Subjects previously deprived of panto thenic acid retained 63% of the test dose on the first day of the test period in contrast to 48% retained by supplemented subjects. On the 7th day, both groups retained approximately 40% of the dose. While in general, blood pantothenic acid levels decreased in unsupple mented subjects and remained constant in supplemented subjects, blood pantothenic acid responded less readily to intake than urinary panto thenic acid. Nitrogen retention tended to be higher in supplemented subjects than in those deprived of dietary pantothenic acid.A spontaneous deficiency of pantothenic acid has not been observed in man. However, pantothenic acid deficiency symptoms have been produced in man by feeding a vitamin antagonist in the studies of HoDGES et al. (1), BEAN et al. (2) and BEAN and HoDGES (3). The feeding of pantothenic acid antagonists inter feres with the measurement of the vitamin in biological materials and thus rules

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans.

Fry

Fox

Tao³

1976

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…In the 1950s, internists William Bean and Robert Hodges and their colleagues at the University of Iowa produced experimental pantothenic acid deficiency in humans by administration of a pantothenic acid kinase inhibitor in combination with a low pantothenic acid diet [40,41,42]. Manifestations included depression and lassitude, neuromuscular disorder (with distal paresthesias and distal weakness), hyperreflexia without Babinski signs, cardiovascular changes (labile heart rate, wide pulse pressure, orthostatic hypotension), gastrointestinal symptoms, and repeated respiratory infections.…”

Section: Pantothenic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Discovery of Niacin, Biotin, and Pantothenic Acid

Lanska¹

2012

Ann Nutr Metab

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The aim was to describe the discovery of niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid. By the 1920s, it became apparent that ‘water-soluble B’ (vitamin B) is not a single substance. In particular, fresh yeast could prevent both beriberi and pellagra, but the ‘antipolyneuritis factor’ in yeast is thermolabile, while the antipellagra factor is heat stable, suggesting that there are at least two water-soluble vitamins. Various terms were proposed for these water-soluble factors, but vitamins B₁ and B₂ were most widely used to refer to the thermolabile and heat-stable factors, respectively. Although vitamin B₁ proved to be a single chemical substance (thiamin), vitamin B₂ was ultimately found to be a complex of several chemically unrelated heat-stable factors, including niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid. Recognition that niacin is a vitamin in the early 20th century resulted from efforts to understand and treat a widespread human disease – pellagra. American epidemiologist and US Public Health Service officer Joseph Goldberger (1874–1929) had been instrumental to elucidating the nutritional basis for pellagra. Goldberger conducted a classic series of observational and experimental studies in humans, combined with an extensive series of experiments with an animal model of the condition (black tongue in dogs). In contrast, recognition that biotin and pantothenic acid are vitamins occurred somewhat later as a result of efforts to understand microbial growth factors. The metabolic roles in humans of these latter substances were ultimately elucidated by human experiments using particular toxins and by studies of rare inborn errors of metabolism. Symptomatic nutritional deficiencies of biotin and pantothenic acid were, and continue to be, rare.

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“…The mean body weight losses of the control, D1C and et al (8), were important in establishing the link between pantothenic acid and intestinal formation of acetylcholine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%