Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans.

Fry, Peggy Crooke; Fox, Hazel M.; Tao, Helen

doi:10.3177/jnsv.22.339

Cited by 45 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The significant positive correlation between dietary vitamin intake and urinary excretion levels has been reported previously in the literature (48)(49)(50). In the present experiment, the urinary excretion levels were lower in the 3rd trimester and lactating women than in control and 2nd trimester women (Fig.…”

Section: Pantothenic Acidsupporting

confidence: 70%

Urinary Excretion Levels of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Pregnant and Lactating Women in Japan

Shibata

Fukuwatari

Sasaki

et al. 2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Dietary habits of pregnant and lactating women have a critical impact on the health of future infants. For this reason, the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes regarding the amounts of addition of water-soluble vitamins have been set (1). The additional intake amounts for pregnant and lactating women were calculated based on data concerning the changes in the metabolic characteristics of vitamins in pregnant women and the loss of vitamins as a result of lactation. However, there is little information about whether nutritional statuses of water-soluble-vitamins in Japanese pregnant and lactating women are good or not. Therefore, we examined the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women and speculated about the validity of the additional amount of some water-soluble vitamins in the dietary reference intakes for pregnant and lactating women.A potential approach for determining the validity for the additional amounts is based on the observation that a water-soluble vitamin or its catabolite(s) can be detected in the urine (2-11). Using this approach, the urinary excretion of a water-soluble vitamin or its catabolite(s) occurs when the dietary intake exceeds an individual necessary amount. MATERIALS AND METHODSSubjects. Japanese pregnant (16-40 wk gestation) or lactating women (0-11 mo postpartum) were recruited from a parenting circle in The University of Shiga Prefecture between April 2010 and February 2012. Japanese married non-pregnant, non-lactating women also were recruited as controls through the parenting circle to match the mean ages and heights of the pregnant and lactating women. The purpose and protocol of this study was explained to all participants before joining the study, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. We excluded participants diagnosed with a cold or influenza, and those who had taken multi-vitamin supplements at least once during the previous month. In addition, we excluded participants whose 24-h urine collection was considered incomplete: a collection time outside the 22-26-h range, urine volume ,250 mL, or extremely low or high energy intake (,500 or .4,000 kcal/d) (12). Twenty-four of the 2nd trimester pregnant (16-27 wk gestation) and 32 of the Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (Received December 17, 2012) Summary Recent studies have shown that the urinary excretion levels of water-soluble vitamins can be used as biomarkers for the nutritional status of these vitamins. To determine changes in the urinary excretion levels of water-soluble vitamins during pregnant and lactating stages, we surveyed and compared levels of nine water-soluble vitamins in control (non-pregnant and non-lactating women), pregnant and lactating women. Control women (n537), women in the 2nd (16-27 wk, n524) and 3rd trimester of pregnancy (over 28 wk, n532), and early-(0-5 mo, n554) and late-stage lactating (6-11 mo, n549) women took part in the survey. The mean age of subjects was ~30 y, and mean height was ~160 cm. A single 24-h urine sample was collected 1 d after the comple...

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Section: Pantothenic Acidsupporting

confidence: 70%

Urinary Excretion Levels of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Pregnant and Lactating Women in Japan

Shibata

Fukuwatari

Sasaki

et al. 2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Inadequate intake of vitamins typically causes a reduction in the concentration of vitamins in the cells and body fluid. So far, the most commonly used procedure to assess the nutritional status of B-group vitamins has been measurement of the urinary levels of these vitamins ( 9 – 13 ) . Our research team ( 14 – 21 ) and other investigators ( 22 – 27 ) have shown that the urinary excretion of B-group vitamins provides an indication of the recent dietary intakes of these vitamins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion of B-group vitamins reflects the nutritional status of B-group vitamins in rats

et al. 2013

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We have reported previously that the urinary excretion of B-group vitamins reflects recent dietary intakes of these vitamins. We also proposed reference values for the urinary levels of B-group vitamins for human subjects, and used these for evaluating human nutritional status. However, the question arises as to whether the urinary excretion of B-group vitamins in animals or human subjects decreases immediately before they become B-group vitamin insufficient or when fed a diet low in vitamins. In the present study, rats were fed a vitamin-free diet for 5 d, and changes in the levels of B-group vitamins in urine and blood were monitored. Urinary excretion of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, 4-pyridoxic acid (a catabolite of vitamin B6), pantothenic acid, folate and biotin steeply decreased, and all of the values reached zero within 1–2 d. With respect to blood, the concentrations of only three of the eight B-group vitamins (vitamin B1, pyridoxal phosphate and biotin) decreased to 15 % (P < 0·0001), 7 % (P < 0·0001) and 2 % (P < 0·0001) on day 5, respectively, compared with the values at the beginning of the experiment. The decrease was more rapid and the changes were greater in the urine samples than in the blood samples. The present data complement our previous proposal that the urinary excretion of B-group vitamins reflects the nutritional status of these vitamins.

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“…In both studies, urinary excretion was observed to be lower (30-60 %) than intake at all doses tested, except at the lowest intake of 2.8 mg/day, at which the mean urinary excretion was 3.2 mg/day. Upon depletion with a pantothenic acid-free diet for nine weeks, urinary excretion decreased to 0.79 ± 0.17 mg/day in six men compared with a urinary pantothenic acid excretion of 3.05 ± 1.20 mg/day at baseline at intakes of 6.45 mg/day (range 4.85-8.16 mg/day) (Fry et al, 1976).…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Pantothenic acid is excreted in urine, after hydrolysis of CoA in a multistep reaction. In a few groups of healthy subjects, average daily urinary excretion of pantothenic acid was observed to range between about 2.0 and 3.5 mg/day in children and adolescents (Schmidt, 1951;Kathman and Kies, 1984;Eissenstat et al, 1986) and between about 2.0 mg and 4.0 mg/day in adults (Schmidt, 1951;Fox and Linkswiler, 1961;Fry et al, 1976;Kathman and Kies, 1984;Song et al, 1985). Urinary excretion of pantothenic acid is positively correlated with pantothenic acid intakes (see Section 2.3).…”

Section: Function Physiology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for pantothenic acid

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2014

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, which is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl-carrier proteins. Pantothenic acid is ubiquitous and deficiency is rare. There are no suitable biomarkers that can be used to derive the requirement for pantothenic acid. Data available on pantothenic acid intakes and health consequences are very limited and cannot be used to derive DRVs for pantothenic acid. As there is insufficient evidence available to derive an Average Requirement and a Population Reference Intake, an Adequate Intake (AI) is proposed. The setting of AIs is based on observed pantothenic acid intakes with a mixed diet and the apparent absence of signs of deficiency in the EU, suggesting that current intake levels are adequate. The AI for adults is set at 5 mg/day. The AI for adults also applies to pregnant women. For lactating women, an AI of 7 mg/day is proposed, to compensate for pantothenic acid losses through breast milk. For infants over six months, an AI of 3 mg/day is proposed by extrapolating from the pantothenic acid intake of exclusively breast-fed infants aged zero to six months, using allometric scaling and reference body weight for each age group, in order to account for the role of pantothenic acid in energy metabolism. The AI for children and adolescents is set at 4 and 5 mg/day, respectively, based on observed intakes in the EU. In 1993, the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) proposed an Acceptable Range of Intakes of pantothenic acid for adults of 3-12 mg/day, based on observed intakes of pantothenic acid in European countries, which were considered adequate to meet requirements and prevent deficiency. © EuropeanPantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, which is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and acylcarrier proteins. Pantothenic acid is ubiquitous and deficiency is rare. Foods rich in pantothenic acid include meat (products), eggs, nuts, avocados and cruciferous vegetables. The main contributors to pantothenic acid intakes include meat products, bread, milk-based products and vegetables.Data on pantothenic acid absorption are lacking. Most of the pantothenic acid in tissues is present as CoA, mainly found in mitochondria, with lesser amounts present as acyl-carrier protein and free pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is excreted in urine, after hydrolysis of CoA in a multistep reaction.Urinary excretion of pantothenic acid and, to a lesser extent, pantothenic acid concentration in whole blood or erythrocytes reflect pantothenic acid intake. Data from the general population are limited so that the variability characteristics of these biomarkers and their ability to discriminate between pantothenic acid insufficiency and adequacy are not well known. No cut-off values have been established for these biomarkers. The Panel considers that there are no suitable biomarkers that can be used to derive the Aver...

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Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans.

Cited by 45 publications

References 3 publications

Urinary Excretion Levels of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Pregnant and Lactating Women in Japan

Urinary Excretion Levels of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Pregnant and Lactating Women in Japan

Urinary excretion of B-group vitamins reflects the nutritional status of B-group vitamins in rats

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for pantothenic acid

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