Panel studies of acute health effects of air pollution

Stebbings, James H.

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(78)90057-9

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…They are important in the study of chronic diseases such as arthritis, nephritis, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Panel studies are also used increasingly in assessing the health effects of air pollution (Stebbings and Hayes, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random-Effects Models for Serial Observations with Binary Response

Stiratelli¹,

Laird²,

Ware³

1984

Biometrics

667

315

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This paper presents a general mixed model for the analysis of serial dichotomous responses provided by a panel of study participants. Each subject's serial responses are assumed to arise from a logistic model, but with regression coefficients that vary between subjects. The logistic regression parameters are assumed to be normally distributed in the population. Inference is based upon maximum likelihood estimation of fixed effects and variance components, and empirical Bayes estimation of random effects. Exact solutions are analytically and computationally infeasible, but an approximation based on the mode of the posterior distribution of the random parameters is proposed, and is implemented by means of the EM algorithm. This approximate method is compared with a simpler two-step method proposed by Korn and Whittemore (1979, Biometrics 35, 795-804), using data from a panel study of asthmatics originally described in that paper. One advantage of the estimation strategy described here is the ability to use all of the data, including that from subjects with insufficient data to permit fitting of a separate logistic regression model, as required by the Korn and Whittemore method. However, the new method is computationally intensive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random-Effects Models for Serial Observations with Binary Response

Stiratelli¹,

Laird²,

Ware³

1984

Biometrics

667

315

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“…The purpose of the present paper is to report the results of an analysis of data collected by EPA-CHESS during the years 1972-1975 concerning 16 panels of asthmatics residing in the Los Angeles area. Some of the early data, collected during 1972-1973 for five of the sixteen panels, have also been discussed elsewhere.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asthma and air pollution in the Los Angeles area.

Whittemore¹,

Korn²

1980

Am J Public Health

237

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Daily asthma attack diaries of 16 panels of asthmatics residing in the Los Angeles area were collected by the Environmental Protection Agency for 34-week periods during the years [1972][1973][1974][1975]. These data are examined here for the relationship between daily attack occurrence and daily levels of photochemical oxidant, total suspended particulates, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and average wind speed. A separate multiple logistic regression is used for each panelist's attack data. Variables representing the presence or absence of attack on the preceding day, as well as day of week and time since the start of the study, are included in the regressions. The most significant predictor of attacks was the presence of an Initrodtiction1Asthma is a condition marked by recurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnea, with wheezing due to spasmodic contraction of the bronchi. Its onset and aggravation are ascribed to such factors as allergens, pollens, emotional stress, bronchopulmonary infection, air pollution, and weather. Despite the prevalence and potentially fatal nature of this disease, until 1960 there had been few epidemiological studies attempting to clarify the roles of the above factors. Since then, concern with adverse health effects of the environment has stimulated a number of investigations, including studies in Los Angeles,' Nashville,2 3 New York,4 Philadelphia,5 New Orleans,6 New Cumberland, West Virginia,7 and Leiden, the Netherlands.8 In 1970, in response to a mandate of the U.S. Congress under the Clean Air Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated a number of panel studies of the relationship between asthma and air pollution in the metropolitan areas of New York City9 and Salt Lake City.'0 These studies were part of a larger program, entitled "'The Community Health Environmental Surveillance System" (CHESS), whose objective was to evaluate the acute and chronic respiratory effects of air contaminants. attack on the preceding day. On the average, the panelists tended to have increased attacks on days with high oxidant and particulate pollution, on cool days, and during the first two months of the study. Panelists' attack propensity also differed by day of week; in particular they had more attacks on Saturdays (the last day of the weekly reporting period) than on Sundays. Each panelist's regression coefficients are classified according to age, sex, hay fever status, and self-assessed attack precursors; this classification is used to examine subgroups among the panelists with high coefficients corresponding to the above factors. (Am J Public Health 1980; 70:687-6%.) the early CHESS studies led, in 1976, to a Congressional investigative report." That report qualifies and complements the CHESS findings by pointing out theoretical and technical limitations inherent in the statistical and epidemiological methodology.The purpose of the present paper is to report the results of an analysis of data collected by EPA-CHESS during the years 1972-1975 concerning 16 panels...

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“…Panel studies, involving repeated observations of susceptible population subgroups, are frequently used to investigate the health effects of air pollution. Studies have been published of the influence of weather and daily levels of air pollution on bronchitis, cardiopulmonary symptoms, asthma attacks, irritation symptoms, and pulmonary function (see Stebbings and' Hayes (1976) for related references) . It is generally agreed (Hasselblad (197 8) , US Congressional Report (1976) , Stebbings and Hayes (1976)), that the methodology for collecting and analyzing the data from these studies has not been adequately developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for analyzing panel studies of acute health effects of air pollution. Technical report No. 25

Korn¹,

Whittemore²

1979

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C I Energ y, nor any of their emplo yees, nor any of their | | spons ored by the United States Gover nment. Neithe r the j i | Unite d State s nor the Unite d State s Depa rtmen t of I I I contra ctors, subco ntract ors, or their emplo yee3, make s i | any warra nty; expre n or implie d, or assum es any legal 1 I | liabilit y or respo nsibili ty for the accur acy, comp letene ss | or usefu lness of any inforn ition,a ppara tus, produ ct i , 1 proce ss disclo sed, or repms /nu that its use would not 1 infringe private ly owned lights.

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Panel studies of acute health effects of air pollution

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Random-Effects Models for Serial Observations with Binary Response

Random-Effects Models for Serial Observations with Binary Response

Asthma and air pollution in the Los Angeles area.

Methods for analyzing panel studies of acute health effects of air pollution. Technical report No. 25

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