Pandemic Dengue in Caribbean Countries and the Southern United States — Past, Present and Potential Problems

Ehrenkranz, N. Joel; Ventura, A K; Cuadrado, R.; Pond, William L.; Porter, Jessie

doi:10.1056/nejm197112232852606

Cited by 101 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…4). A. aegypti, the most important and efficient epidemic vector of dengue viruses, has been in the United States for over 200 years and was responsible for transmitting major epidemics in the southern states in the 19th and early 20th centuries (34). Currently, this species is found only in the Gulf Coast states from Texas to Florida, although small foci have recently been reported in Arizona (Fig.…”

Section: Dengue In the Continental United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Gubler¹

1997

Tropical Infectious Diseases

629

756

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Section: Dengue In the Continental United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Gubler¹

1997

Tropical Infectious Diseases

629

756

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“…In that year, the disease spread eastward through Louisiana, Florida, and the adjoining states, and eventually moved south into the Caribbean. Thirty thousand cases were reported in Savannah, Georgia, of which 28% had hemorrhagic manifestations (169).…”

Section: Dissemination Of Dengue Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

Reiter

2001

Environ Health Perspect

538

386

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Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250--300 years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health often focus on mosquito-borne diseases. Elementary models suggest that higher global temperatures will enhance their transmission rates and extend their geographic ranges. However, the histories of three such diseases--malaria, yellow fever, and dengue--reveal that climate has rarely been the principal determinant of their prevalence or range; human activities and their impact on local ecology have generally been much more significant. It is therefore inappropriate to use climate-based models to predict future prevalence.

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“…This outbreak started in the Virgin Islands and further extended to Cuba, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, some port cities in the southern United States (New Orleans, Pensacola, Savannah, and Charleston), and Mexico. [15][16][17] Although this outbreak was originally described as dengue, the clinical characteristics of the cases were classic chikungunya disease, strongly suggesting that its cause was chikungunya virus. 18 The historical record suggests this outbreak was the sole introduction of chikungunya into the American Region as a consequence of the African slave trade.…”

Section: Introduction Of Dengue In the Americas (1600-1946)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Between 1845 and 1849 there is some evidence of dengue-like outbreaks in New Orleans, 15 Cuba, 20 and Brazil. 8,9 An epidemic of denguelike disease was reported after 1850 in different cities of the United States (New Orleans, Mobile, Charleston, Augusta, and Savannah) and Havana, Cuba.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas

Dick

Martín²,

Montoya³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

363

264

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Dengue is a viral disease usually transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks in the Americas reported in medical literature and to the Pan American Health Organization are described. The outbreak history from 1600 to 2010 was categorized into four phases: Introduction of dengue in the Americas (1600–1946); Continental plan for the eradication of the Ae. aegypti (1947–1970) marked by a successful eradication of the mosquito in 18 continental countries by 1962; Ae. aegypti reinfestation (1971–1999) caused by the failure of the mosquito eradication program; Increased dispersion of Ae. aegypti and dengue virus circulation (2000–2010) characterized by a marked increase in the number of outbreaks. During 2010 > 1.7 million dengue cases were reported, with 50,235 severe cases and 1,185 deaths. A dramatic increase in the number of outbreaks has been reported in recent years. Urgent global action is needed to avoid further disease spread.

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Pandemic Dengue in Caribbean Countries and the Southern United States — Past, Present and Potential Problems

Cited by 101 publications

References 39 publications

Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas

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