Pancreatic Injury in Rabbits with Acute Renal Failure

Abstract

Background. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common critical disorder. To decrease the mortality, it is important to prevent ARF from invading other organs in clinical setting. It is not known whether there is a dysfunction in pancreas during the pathogenesis of ARF. This study aimed to investigate the changes of morphology and function on pancreas in ARF rabbits. Methods. Sixty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. The ARF model of groups 1 and 2 rabbits was established by hypodermic injection of 1% HgCl 2 (1.3 mL/kg) and intramuscular injection of 50% glyceritum (10 mL/kg), respectively. The control groups 1 and 2 were injected with same volume of normal saline. After 24 hours, urea and creatinine contents and pancreatic amylase (AMY) activities in serum were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer; the insulin levels were measured with radioimmunoassay method. Moreover, morphological alterations were examined by light microscopy; free radicals, nitric oxide (NO), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in pancreas homogenate were determined. Results. Morphological study showed that there were vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in pancreas of ARF for both groups 1 and 2. Compared with corresponding control group, the AMY activity was significantly elevated, whereas the INS values were decreased significantly in ARF groups 1 and 2. Malonaldehyde, NO, and NOS in pancreas homogenate were significantly increased, and superoxide dismutase activity was decreased. Conclusion. These data suggested that there were morphological damage of pancreas and disturbance of pancreatic secretion function in rabbits with ARF. Free radicals-injury and NO excessive release may explain the observed dysfunction.

The mechanism of myocardium and pancreas injury in rabbits with acute renal failure might be related to myeloperoxidase and membrane pump activities

“…Results have shown that levels of BUN and Cre were elevated at 12 h after rabbits subjected to hydrargyrism or glycerol extrusion and increased over time gradually, which suggested that the model of ARF has been reproduced in rabbits successfully. 5 The release of diverse inflammatory mediators and the subsequent systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) has been proposed as a major contributor to the deterioration of ARF that ultimately leads to MOF. 12,13 Because of the microcirculation disorder, large numbers of PMN are activated, adhere to vascular endothelial cells, and sequestrate into these tissues.…”

“…However, in this study, ARF induced by both mercury and endogenous myoglobin causations are correlated with an injury of myocardium and pancreas, suggesting myocardium and pancreas injuries could not be totally contributed by mercury effect. [3][4][5] Therefore, the injuries of myocardium and pancreas after ARF could be the common pathological manifestations caused by internal environmental disorder after ARF.…”

“…Our previous work had documented that rabbits receiving the equivalent volume of physiological saline instead of HgCl 2 or glycerin have no changes in their physiological indices. [3][4][5] Therefore, six healthy rabbits served as the control group.…”

“…These findings suggest that ARF can induce the heart and pancreas injury. [3][4][5] Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are a reliable and quantitative marker for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) accumulation in tissues, 6 and membrane pump activity is an indicator for energy metabolism and ion transport of cells. 7 To test this hypothesis and to improve our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the heart and pancreas injury caused by ARF and determined by the MPO and membrane pump activities in heart, pancreas, and kidney, we used our established model of tissue from rabbits subjected to ARF.…”

The Mechanism of Spleen Injury in Rabbits with Acute Renal Failure

“…ARF animal models were established, respectively, by hypodermic injection of 1% HgCl 2 at 1.3 mL/kg bw in the HgCl 2 -treated group or by intramuscular injection of 50% glycerin at 10 mL/kg bw in the glycerin-treated group as described previously, [4][5][6] and all animals in each group were further divided into 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h subgroups with each consisting of six rabbits. Our previous work had documented that rabbits receiving the equivalent volume of physiological saline instead of HgCl 2 or glycerin have no changes in their physiological indexes; 4-6 therefore, six healthy rabbits served as the control group.…”