Pancreatic enzyme deficiency depends on dietary protein origin in milk-fed calves

Abstract

In young mammals, milk proteins and their substitutes are used in milk formula. Protein substitution modifies diet digestibility and pancreatic secretions. The aim of this study was to test if milk protein substitution could generate pancreatic deficiency in milk-fed calves. The effect of pancreatic juice on the digestibility of proteins was studied. Measurement of apparent fecal nutrient digestibility was used to estimate digestion. Ten calves (60 to 130 d old) were chronically fitted with pancreatic accessory duct cannulas and 2 duodenal cannulas to provide precise measurement, sampling, and reintroduction of pancreatic juice as well as additional infusions. Animals were fed milk formula based on skim milk powder or soybean concentrate. Level of deficiency depended on dietary protein origin. Twice as much protein or trypsin was required with a soybean concentrate diet than with a skim milk powder diet to obtain maximal nutrient digestibility. Pancreatic protein concentration in the juice can be used to differentiate between normal and deficient animals. Among these proteins, trypsin measurement is a good pancreatic deficiency marker. These results confirmed the major role of exocrine pancreatic secretions in producing optimal digestion in young calves. Furthermore, practical applications of these results can be applied for the young in other animal species and in humans.

Effect of heat-treated canola meal and glycerol inclusion on performance and gastrointestinal development of Holstein calves

“…Given the relatively high AA requirement for growing calves (NRC 2001), the dietary changes occurring during weaning, and that ruminal fermentation may not provide sufficient quantities microbial protein to meet metabolizable protein requirements, we hypothesized that providing additional RUP may enhance the growth of Holstein calves. However, use of plant-based proteins in milk replacer reduced digestibility (Guilloteau et al, 2011) and altered the intestinal epithelium (Górka et al, 2011); furthermore, cooking soy protein at 50°C overnight further reduced digestibility (Dawson et al, 1988). As such, we speculated that despite the limited effects of heat treatment on the estimated intestinal digestibility determined in vitro, heat treatment of CM may have decreased total-tract CP digestibility, thereby limiting AA supply to promote growth of the GIT and BW growth.…”

A 100-Year Review: Calf nutrition and management

“…Researchers at L'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique in France (Montagne et al, 2000) found that intestinal endogenous secretions, including mucin, were greater when calves were fed milk replacers containing soy protein concentrate or partially hydrolyzed soy protein isolate compared with when calves were fed milk replacers containing skim milk proteins. Guilloteau et al (2011) determined that more pancreatic juice protein or trypsin were needed to achieve maximal nutrient digestibility when calves were fed milk replacer containing soy protein concentrate compared with a skim milk protein control. found that supplemental l-glutamine (1% of diet) did not improve growth or health in calves fed a milk replacer with 60% of the milk protein replaced by soy protein concentrate.…”

Origines alimentaires et digestion des nutriments chez le veau préruminant

“…Ainsi, 12 heures après l'ingestion du repas, la quantité de protéases sécrétées dans la lumière de l'intestin grêle augmente de 8,2 mg/kg de PV à 84,9 mg/kg de PV pour des âges respectifs de 7 et 63 jours (Ternouth et al 1976). Cependant, les sécrétions pancréatiques peuvent être sub-limitantes chez le veau âgé de plus de deux mois lors du remplacement des protéines du lait par d'autres sources protéiques (Guilloteau et al 2011).…”