Panaxytriol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglia Activation in Brain Inflammation <i>in Vivo</i>

Abstract

Brain inflammation is a pathological characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. In this condition, excessively activated microglia elevate proinflammatory mediator levels. We previously reported that panaxytriol inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia activation in vitro. However, the effects of panaxytriol on microglia activation in vivo require confirmation. In the present study, we found that panaxytriol suppressed both microglia and astrocyte activation by injected LPS intracerebrally to mice with LPSinduced brain inflammation. Panaxytriol was more effective on microglia than astrocytes. Moreover, panaxytriol tended to reduce LPS-induced spontaneous motor activity dysfunction. These results suggested that panaxytriol could improve brain health by suppressing microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases.

Walnut-Derived Peptides Alleviate Learning and Memory Impairments in a Mice Model via Inhibition of Microglia Phagocytose Synapses

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Mirogabalin inhibits scratching behavior of spontaneous model mouse of atopic dermatitis

“…Mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of three anesthetic agents: 0.75 mg/kg medetomidine hydrochloride (Domitor, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo, Koriyama, Japan), 4.0 mg/kg midazolam (Midazolam (SANDOZ), Sandoz K.K., Tokyo, Japan), and 5.0 mg/kg butorphanol tartrate (Betorphal, Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) and perfused transcardially with 10 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4, followed by 10 mL of 4% paraformaldehyde ( Hiramatsu et al, 2021 ). The spinal cord (cervical1-5) was removed, immersed in the same fixative overnight, and then immersed in 25% sucrose in PBS for 48 h at 4°C.…”

APP Knock-In Mice Produce E22P-Aβ Exhibiting an Alzheimer’s Disease-like Phenotype with Dysregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Expression

“…The tissue preparation was completed as previously described [ 71 ] with minor modifications. Mice were anesthetized with a mixture of three anesthetic agents: 0.75 mg/kg medetomidine hydrochloride (Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo, Koriyama, Japan), 4.0 mg/kg midazolam (Sandoz K.K., Tokyo, Japan), and 5.0 mg/kg butorphanol tartrate (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan).…”