Panax Ginseng alleviates thioacetamide-induced liver injury in ovariectomized rats: Crosstalk between inflammation and oxidative stress

Abstract

Liver diseases impose a substantial health problem. Female hormones play a crucial role in the protection against chronic inflammatory diseases. Fifty female rats were allocated into five groups (n = 10). Group I comprised sham-operated rats. The remaining groups underwent ovariectomy at the beginning of the experiment. Group II served as the ovariectomy-control group. Groups III, IV & V received thioacetamide (TAA; 300 mg/kg; i.p.) to induce liver injury 6 weeks after ovariectomy. Group III served as the TAA-control group. Groups IV & V received panax ginseng (100 and 300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 6 weeks post TAA administration. All groups were investigated for liver function tests along with total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Histopathological examination of liver tissues was performed followed by immunohistochemical staining for nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kβ p65) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Ovariectomized-rats showed a non-significant change in the measured parameters while TAA administration resulted in significant liver damage. Panax ginseng at both dose levels significantly improved the serum liver function tests and TAC along with decreasing the AGEs and TNF-α. It also restored the histopathological picture of liver tissue and decreased hepatic tissue inflammation via reduction of MPO and NF-kβ p65 immunoreactivity. The current study is the first to elucidate the effect of panax ginseng against TAA-induced liver injury in ovariectomized rats which mimic aged post-menopausal estrogen-deficient females. The study demonstrates the crosstalk between AGEs, NF-kβ and MPO in the modulation of inflammation. Panax ginseng possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Cholestyramine Modulates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by Methionine and Choline Deficiency in Rats: Cross-linking AGEs, MIP2, EMR1 and Adiponectin.

“…Interestingly, the hepatocytes suffer oxidative as well as inflammatory reactions in response to elevated levels of AGEs in a positive feedback loop. Where elevated AGEs impair the liver performance, consequently reducing their own metabolism and elimination eventually resulting in AGEs buildup in the blood and the hepatocytes [14]. Elevated levels of AGEs trigger inflammatory signaling pathways in the hepatocytes and adipose tissue through the activation of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kβ) and its downstream target; tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) [19].…”

“…Parts from liver tissues were homogenized (MPW-120 homogenizer, Med instruments, Poland) to obtain 20% homogenate that was stored overnight at -20°C. The homogenates were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 5000 x g using a cooling centrifuge (Sigma and laborzentrifugen, 2k15, Germany) [14] USA) and then quantity and quality were assessed by Beckman dual spectrophotometer (USA). SuperScript IV One-Step RT-PCR kit (Cat# 12594100, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA) was utilized for reverse transcription of extracted RNA followed by PCR.…”

Ginseng® Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats

“…Group 2 was given malathion dissolved in corn oil at 135 mg/kg/orally [ 23 ]. Group 3 was given orally both malathion + Panax Ginseng ® (300 mg/kg/day, orally) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Group 4 was given Panax Ginseng ® at (300 mg/kg/day orally.…”

A Review on The Potential Effective Cytoprotective Role of Ginseng in Rat's Organ

“…The There was a role of ginseng as a cytoprotective drug in rats' organs after exposure to many toxins such as Aflatoxin B1 (Zidan et al, 2015), thioacetamide (Mostafa et al, 2021)…”