Palmar Dermatoglyphics of Down's Syndrome: Revisited

Plato, Chris C.; Cereghino, James J.; Steinberg, Florence S.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197303000-00002

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there have been well-designed studies that have found no increase in fluctuating asymmetry with Down syndrome. Palmar dermatoglyphic asymmetry, for example, was not significantly greater in a Down syndrome sample [169]. Furthermore, Bots et al [170] were unable to demonstrate increased asymmetry of the long bones (ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, digit 2, and digit 4) in a sample of deceased fetuses having Down syndrome.…”

Section: Genetic Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review

Graham

Özener

2016

Symmetry

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Fluctuating asymmetry, the random deviation from perfect symmetry, is a widely used population-level index of developmental instability, developmental noise, and robustness. It reflects a population's state of adaptation and genomic coadaptation. Here, we review the literature on fluctuating asymmetry of human populations. The most widely used bilateral traits include skeletal, dental, and facial dimensions; dermatoglyphic patterns and ridge counts; and facial shape. Each trait has its advantages and disadvantages, but results are most robust when multiple traits are combined into a composite index of fluctuating asymmetry (CFA). Both environmental (diet, climate, toxins) and genetic (aneuploidy, heterozygosity, inbreeding) stressors have been linked to population-level variation in fluctuating asymmetry. In general, these stressors increase average fluctuating asymmetry. Nevertheless, there have been many conflicting results, in part because (1) fluctuating asymmetry is a weak signal in a sea of noise; and (2) studies of human fluctuating asymmetry have not always followed best practices. The most serious concerns are insensitive asymmetry indices (correlation coefficient and coefficient of indetermination), inappropriate size scaling, unrecognized mixture distributions, inappropriate corrections for directional asymmetry, failure to use composite indices, and inattention to measurement error. Consequently, it is often difficult (or impossible) to compare results across traits, and across studies.

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Section: Genetic Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review

Graham

Özener

2016

Symmetry

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“…CONTROLS Generalized ridge direction on the palm, either transverse or longitudinal as indicated by the exit of the main lines A and D (Cummins and Midlo, 1961), is known to have clinical significance. In Down's syndrome, the generalized ridge direction is found to be more transverse (Plato, Cereghino, and Steinberg, 1973).…”

Section: Use Of the Method (A) T-dot In Patients Withmentioning

confidence: 95%

Topographic approach for analysis of palm crease variants.

Dar¹,

Schmidt²

1976

Journal of Medical Genetics

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Summary. As the variability and possible clinical significance of palm crease abnormalities receive greater attention, an accurate and objective method for evaluating the palm crease variants is required. A new method is described employing a topographic approach. A network of co-ordinates drawn on the palm prints enables an accurate and reproducible description to be made of unlimited numbers ofvariants ofpalm crease configurations. This method makes possible quantitative studies rather than merely qualitative descriptions of the palm crease patterns.To determine its usefulness, this method was employed in a comparative study of 100 individuals with Down's syndrome and 100 controls. Significantly higher total degree of transversality (T-DoT), as defined in this paper, was found in the Down's syndrome group. T-DoT may be a useful parameter in the evaluation of crease patterns of patients with congenital and genetic disorders.The clinical significance of palm crease abnormalities is being increasingly recognized. Unusual palm creases have been reported in a wide variety of clinical disorders caused by various genetic and/or environmental factors where the insult occurs early in pregnancy (Rosner, Steinberg, and Sprigge, 1967;Achs, Harper, and Siegel, 1966).Since considerable variability in palm crease configurations exists in the normal population (Alter, 1970), the availability of an accurate and objective method for description of palm crease variants would be helpful for evaluation of normal and abnormal configurations. Several of the previously described schemes and formuli for palm crease studies were summarized by Alter (1970). Unfortunately, these methods are inadequate to describe the spectrum of variations in palm crease configuration, which exists in the population.The topographic approach presented in this communication provides a method which allows the accurate and reproducible description of unlimited numbers of variants. With this method, quantitative as well as qualitative studies of palm crease configurations can be conducted.This method was tried out on palm prints of 100 patients with Down's syndrome, 100 controls, and 17 normal individuals with typical simian creases, selected from a population of 830 people, which was scored for the presence of this feature. MethodA grid of co-ordinates is drawn on the palm print. The starting points are A, B, C, as shown in Fig. 1, where A and B represent the postaxial terminations of the proximal creases of the second and fifth fingers, respectively, and location of point C is the vertex of an isosceles triangle. The A-B line is divided into 5 equal portions, each representing 20 arbitrary units used as the horizontal co-ordinates, starting as 0 on the radial side to 100 on the ulnar side of the palm (points A and B, respectively). Squares are drawn based on these segments, and extend proximally along the palm bordered by point C. The longitudinal co-ordinates are also numbered consecutively, starting from 0 at line AB, thus indicating the palm's length/wid...

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“…It has been previously described in Down syndrome [Plato, 1973;Schaumann and Alter, 1976] and trisomy of chromosome 18 [Walbaum et al, 1966;Penrose, 1969], and in syndromes caused by deletions, such as Cri-du-Chat, 18p-and 18q-syndromes [Schaumann and Alter, 1976]. In some of these cases, the increased ATD angle is accompanied by a high frequency of hypothenar patterns, as in Down-and 18q-syndromes [Schaumann and Alter, 1976].…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In some of these cases, the increased ATD angle is accompanied by a high frequency of hypothenar patterns, as in Down-and 18q-syndromes [Schaumann and Alter, 1976]. In Down syndrome however, most of the patterns were of the ulnar type [Plato, 1973], whereas the excess of patterns in the hypothenar area found in 22qDS were radial loops.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Dermatoglyphic profile in 22q deletion syndrome

Martín¹,

Fañanás²,

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2004

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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A genetic subtype of schizophrenia has been described in 22q11 Deletion syndrome. Previous studies have described an excess of dermatoglyphic alterations in schizophrenia, such as low a-b ridge counts (ABRCs), a high frequency of ridge dissociations, and increased dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry. Little is known however, about the dermatoglyphic profile of 22qDS subjects showing psychotic symptoms and its similarity to the previously reported anomalies in schizophrenia. We studied the palmar dermatoglyphics of 22 subjects with 22qDS of predominantly Caucasian origin, 15 of whom had psychotic illness, and in 84 healthy controls of similar ethnicity. We observed higher values for total ATD angle in cases than in controls (P = 0.04). In addition, there was an excess of radial figures in the hypothenar area in cases, especially in the left hand. Interestingly, greater fluctuating asymmetry, determined by the absolute difference between right and left ABRC, was observed in 22qDS subjects compared to controls (P = 0.05). However, no differences were found for ABRCs and frequency of dissociations. Despite the small sample size, the palmprints analyzed suggest the existence of an altered dermatoglyphic profile in 22qDS, involving: (i) ATD angle amplitude, (ii) presence of radial loops in the hypothenar area, and (iii) an increment of fluctuating asymmetry. The first two features are similar to those found in other genetic syndromes associated with low IQ, while high levels of fluctuating asymmetry have often been reported in schizophrenia.Chromosome 22q11 Deletion syndrome (22qDS) is due to microdeletions of chromosome region 22q11.2, involving multiple genes [Karayiorgou et al., 1995;Bassett and Chow, 1999;Bassett et al., 2001]. 22qDS comprises several genetic syndromes, including velocardiofacial syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome. The most common phenotypic consequences of this deletion are, among others, (1) learning disabilities, (2) palatal anomalies, (3) typical facial features, (4) congenital cardiac defects, and (5) psychiatric disorders. The estimated prevalence of the deletion 22q11.2 is 1/4,000 [du Montcel et al., 1996], which usually occurs as a sporadic mutation, but approximately 10% of cases are inherited from transmitting parents, who often have a less severe phenotype [Demczuk and Aurias, 1995].

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Palmar Dermatoglyphics of Down's Syndrome: Revisited

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review

Topographic approach for analysis of palm crease variants.

Dermatoglyphic profile in 22q deletion syndrome

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