Palm oil‐based organogels and microemulsions for delivery of antimicrobial drugs

Abstract

This study has been designed to develop palm oil (PO) based organogels using span 80/tween 80 mixture (OG) as a gelator system by fluid-filled structure mechanism. The results suggested formation of organogels, emulsions, and microemulsions as the proportions of PO, OG and water were varied. The emulsions were found to be thermodynamically unstable as compared to the organogels and the microemulsions. Accelerated thermal stability test suggested that all the microemulsions and the organogels of only eight compositions were stable. The organogels showed viscoelastic property while the microemulsions showed viscous flow behavior. Both the organogels and the microemulsions were found to be highly hemocompatible and nonirritant. The antimicrobial efficiency of the ciprofloxacin HCl-loaded formulations showed equivalent efficiency as compared to marketed formulations. The rates of drug release from the organogels were found to be relatively slower as compared to the microemulsions. The preliminary studies suggested that the developed organogel and microemulsion-based formulations may be tried for topical delivery of antimicrobials.

Preparation and Characterization of Virgin Olive Oil‐Beeswax Oleogel Emulsion Products

“…Patel et al [15] reported that carbohydrate polymer including internal phase emulsion gels did not exhibit coalescence for over 3 months storage, but droplet size was dependent on the phase volumes. In another study, the droplet size was shown to be dependent on the water content as well as the organogelator ratio, and as organogelator content increased the size of the globular particles increased [17].…”

“…Hence, if oleogel emulsification process will be applied in product preparation, it must be kept in mind that a separate pre-study to find out the suitable formulae providing stable emulsions is required. Span80/Tween 80 mixture was used to prepare palm oil emulsion organogels by self organization of the fluid-filled structures, but it was also indicated that only about eight formulations were stable, and the organogels were viscoelastic in nature [17]. In another approach, Patel et al [15] utilized carrageenan, xanthan gum and locust bean gum in water phase to construct high internal phase emulsion oleogels.…”

“…Also, it was indicated that they grew up over time within the emulsion [11]. Palm oil-Span80/Tween80 emulsion organogels were shown to have a single broad peak at around 20 ∘ to suggest an amorphous nature of the organogel, but some degree of crystallinity was also estimated and correlated with higher water/ organogelator ratio [17]. In our samples, the water contents of EM3 and EM4 were higher than those of EM1 and EM2, but there were no differences in the XRD patterns.…”

“…In a very different approach, Patel et al [16] created oleogel by physically entrapping oil in a water soluble biopolymer based emulsion, and then drying the water phase out. In another study, a Span 80/Tween 80 mixture was used as the organogelator to create emulsion organogels to deliver antimicrobial drugs [17]. Utilization of oleogels in margarine production through the emulsification of the two phases with ingredients was done.…”

Development of Lecithin Organogel to Improve Solubility of Genistein

“…To make a normal LO, unhydrogenated lecithin has been used for an organogelator [28,29], and it has been known that when synthetic lecithins containing residues of saturated fatty acids are examined, the organogel is not formed [29]. However, in this case, the polar phase forming LO is almost comprised of water [30]. As mentioned earlier, if the water used in the LO, it is difficult to stabilize the active agent which is insoluble in both water and oil.…”