Palm kernel cake obtained from biodiesel production in diets for goats: feeding behavior and physiological parameters

Carvalho, Gleidson Giordano Pinto de; Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes; Tosto, Manuela Silva Libânio; Santos, Edson Mauro; Ribeiro, Rondinele Aparecido; Silva, Thadeu Mariniello; Correia, Bráulio Rocha; Rufino, L. M. A.

doi:10.1007/s11250-017-1340-6

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…All the cows gradually decreased their time spent idling from ADAP phase to POST phase, but this reduction was more accentuated for cows eating the MIX diet. The time spent idling is normally the inverse of the time dedicated for eating or ruminating (34). In this way, once ruminating time increased on the ADAP and MEAS phases, we can expect to see a reduction in idling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Equipment Used in the SF6 Technique to Estimate Methane Emissions Has No Major Effect on Dairy Cow Behavior

et al. 2021

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The natural behavior of animals can be disrupted by the techniques and materials of research methodologies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the equipment used in the SF6 tracer technique to estimate enteric methane emissions on the behavior of lactating dairy cows. The cows (n = 24) were allocated to one of two diets: CONTROL and experimental diet (MIX). Behavior was assessed through video recordings between milking times during four phases: 3 days before fitting the cows with the SF6 equipment (PRE), first 2 days after the cows were fitted with the SF6 equipment (ADAP), 3 days during methane emission measurements (MEAS), and 2 days after the SF6 equipment removal (POST). The behaviors recorded included eating, ruminating or idling, resting, and others. Affiliative or agonistic and discomfort behaviors (scratching or pushing the equipment) were also recorded. Lying time was recorded over 14 days using dataloggers fitted to the cows' leg. Milk production and feed intake were recorded daily. MIX cows ruminated more than CONTROL cows (P = 0.05). The cows ruminated more at MEAS than in any other phase (P < 0.01). Time spent idling gradually decreased from PRE to MEAS for MIX cows (P < 0.01). The cows were lying down longer in MEAS than in ADAP and POST (P < 0.01). The time spent lying with the head down was shorter during PRE and ADAP than during POST (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in the occurrence of discomfort or agonistic behaviors (P > 0.05). Affiliative behaviors occurred more often in ADAP than in MEAS (P < 0.05). There was no difference between phases in daily lying time, number of lying bouts per day, or mean bout duration (P > 0.05). Milk production was not influenced by the SF6 equipment (P > 0.05). Dry matter intake was higher for CONTROL cows (P < 0.01), and it decreased from PRE to MEAS (P < 0.01). However, milk yield did not differ between cows wearing the SF6 equipment and those without it (P > 0.05). We conclude that the SF6 equipment had a minimal effect on dairy cow behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, once ruminating time increased on the ADAP and MEAS phases, we can expect to see a reduction in idling. The feed composition can also influence the time spent idling (34), which, therefore, explains the difference in this behavior between the two diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Equipment Used in the SF6 Technique to Estimate Methane Emissions Has No Major Effect on Dairy Cow Behavior

et al. 2021

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“…consequently, it extends rumination time. According to Oliveira et al (2017) 3-month male Boer goats offered with 21% palm kernel biscuit in feed with high fibre and cellulose showed an extended rumination time by 13,8% from 339 to 393 minutes per day compared to basal feed. Galvao et al, (2019) reported that five-month male Boer goat offered with 14% tamarind waste supplement in high-fibre ration showed 12.6% extended rumination time compared to nonsupplemented feed.…”

Section: Rumination Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Rumination Time and Frequency of Goat Supplemented with Garlic Powder and Organic Chromium

Munasik

Bahrun

Sigar

et al. 2020

anprod

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This research investigated the effect of supplementing garlic powder and organic micromineral Cr in feed on rumination time and frequency in Ettawah goat (PE). The research was conducted in Gunung Tugel Farm in Patikraja and the Laboratory of Feed Technology in Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java. This study used 18 male PE aged 1-1.5 years and weighed 18.62 – 22.69 kg. The feed consisted of 60% concentrate and 40% forage (field grass). Other materials included drinking water, 250 ppm garlic powder (Allium sativum), 1.5 ppm organic chromium mineral and eight CCTV camera. The observed parameters were rumination time and frequency. An in vivo experiment in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) administered three treatments and six replicates, namely R0: control (basal feed); R1: basal feed + 250 ppm garlic powder; and R2: basal feed + 250 ppm garlic powder + 1.5 ppm organic Cr. The result demonstrated a significantly different effect of garlic powder and organic Cr micromineral supplement on rumination time across treatments, i.e. 404 ± 19.6; 382 ± 19.04 and 351 ± 13.87 min/day, respectively, or 379 min/day on average. Rumination frequency was not significantly different across R0, R1, and R2 namely 360 ± 24.03; 359 ± 30.13 and 342 ± 21.10 times/day, respectively. Conclusively, garlic powder and organic Cr micromineral significantly affected rumination time, but not significantly affected rumination frequency of PE goat.

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“…In the literature, it has been shown that the inclusion of PKC in the diet of feedlot goats up to the level of 210 g kg −1 DM did not affect DM intake [ 9 ]. Furthermore, it was observed that the optimal inclusion rate of PKC was 108 g kg −1 DM in high-concentrate diets for feedlot culling goats [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm Kernel Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Intake, Digestibility, Feeding Behavior, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Metabolism

Ferreira

Leite

Alba

et al. 2022

Animals

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This study was carried out to determine the optimal inclusion rate of palm kernel cake (PKC) in diets for lactating goats based on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, milk production and nitrogen metabolism. Twelve goats were used, eight Saanen and four Anglo Nubian, with a body weight of 46.0 ± 9.4 kg and 105 ± 5 days of lactation, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design in triplicate. The diets were composed of increasing levels of PKC; 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg−1 of dry matter (DM). The DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates intakes decreased (p < 0.01) with the PKC inclusion. Milk production and milk protein decreased (p = 0.001), and milk production efficiency was not affected (p > 0.05) by the PKC inclusion. The ether extract intake varied quadratically (p < 0.01). Feeding and rumination efficiencies of dry matter and NDF were reduced (p < 0.001). The fat and total solids contents of the milk were influenced quadratically (p < 0.05). Nitrogen excretion (feces and milk), and retained nitrogen decreased (p < 0.001). Moderate use of up to 80 g kg−1 DM of PKC in the diet of lactating goats is recommended since at these levels milk production or body weight are significantly affected.

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Palm kernel cake obtained from biodiesel production in diets for goats: feeding behavior and physiological parameters

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

The Equipment Used in the SF6 Technique to Estimate Methane Emissions Has No Major Effect on Dairy Cow Behavior

The Equipment Used in the SF6 Technique to Estimate Methane Emissions Has No Major Effect on Dairy Cow Behavior

Rumination Time and Frequency of Goat Supplemented with Garlic Powder and Organic Chromium

Palm Kernel Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Intake, Digestibility, Feeding Behavior, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Metabolism

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