Palladium–Carbon Eutectic Fixed Point for Thermocouple Calibration

Todd, A. D. W.; Gotoh, Masahiko; Woods, D.; Hill, Kathryn

doi:10.1007/s10765-010-0906-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The ITS-90 temperature value was determined as (1323.99 ± 0.52) ºC (k = 2) for Co-C and (1490.69 ± 0.88) ºC (k = 2) for Pd-C by means of a Pt/Pd thermocouple calibrated at the freezing temperatures of Sn, Zn, Al, Ag, and Au. Further details regarding the furnace and the Co-C and Pd-C eutectic cells used in this investigation can be found in prior publications [2,3]. Figure 1 shows the typical temperature distribution of the furnace used in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of tungsten/rhenium thermocouples with metal-carbon eutectic fixed points up to 1500°C

Gotoh¹

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Four Type A thermocouples and two Type C thermocouples were calibrated at the Au fixed point and Co-C and Pd-C eutectic fixed points. The thermocouples were exposed to 1330 ºC for a total of 100 hours. The maximum drift due to the exposure was found to be 4.8 ºC. The fixed-point calibration EMF of these thermocouples deviated by less than 0.86% from the temperature specified by the standards ASTM E230-2003 for Type C and GOSTR 8.585-2001 for Type A. The length of one of Type A thermocouples A52 is longer than the others by 150mm. Making use of this provision it was possible to place annealed part of A52 to the temperature gradient part of calibration arrangement every time. Therefore observed aging effect was as low as 0.5 ºC compared to the other thermocouples.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uncertainty estimations of the Co-C and Pd-C eutectic cells are based on prior publications [2,3]. O.Ongrai1 and J. V. Pearce et.al [4] report 0.5ºC (k=2) at 1324ºC excluding the thermoelectric inhomogeneity because always the same insertion length is used.…”

Section: Drift From Exposure To High Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of tungsten/rhenium thermocouples with metal-carbon eutectic fixed points up to 1500°C

Gotoh¹

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The Pt-Pd noble metal thermocouple is used where higher precision is required compared with Pt-Rh thermocouples, due to the small uncertainty characteristic of pure metal, and it is useful as a reference thermometer for comparison calibration of Pt-Rh noble metal thermocouples. The Pt-Pd thermocouples can be used continuously up to about 1450 • C, and the Pd-C fixed point is used for the calibration of Pt-Pd thermocouples [2]. The use of pure Ni as a fixed point for real-time inspection of Pt-Pd thermocouples used in oxidizing atmospheres has also been reported [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melting and freezing behavior of pure Ni cells in alumina crucibles with different internal structures

Kim¹,

Kim²

2020

Metrologia

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Two pure Ni cells for thermocouple calibration were fabricated in alumina crucibles with different internal structures to investigate their melting and freezing behaviors. One of the produced crucibles had a smooth surface, and the other was made with internal circular grooves. The melting and freezing processes of each cell were investigated in 10 melting/freezing cycles using a type B thermocouple calibrated with a standard radiation thermometer. The reproducibility of the melting point was better than that of the freezing point by a factor of more than 2, regardless of the internal shape of the crucible. The freezing temperature gradually decreased with the degree of supercooling, and the slope was observed to be about −0.08 • C. It was found that in terms of reproducibility and easiness of realization the melting point was better than the freezing point for use as a fixed temperature point. Therefore, it is proposed to use the melting point as a fixed point for thermocouple calibration. Regarding the difference in internal structure of the crucible, it was observed that a cell with circular grooves was slightly better in terms of reproducibility of melting and freezing points, but it was still unclear whether this was due to the grooves formed inside the cells, and, thus, additional research is needed. The average melting temperature and uncertainty of the Ni cells fabricated in this study was evaluated as (1454.1 ± 0.9) • C.

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Cobalt–Carbon Eutectic Fixed Point for Contact Thermometry

et al. 2010

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Two Co-C eutectic fixed points were constructed for thermocouple calibration. The eutectic fixed points were measured with a Pt/Pd thermocouple calibrated at the freezing temperatures of Sn, Zn, Al, Ag, and Au. A temperature of 1323.99°C ± 0.52°C (k = 2) was determined via this method. The cell design allowed filling to be accomplished in a single step. Each cell was held above 1300 °C for at least 42 hours and was subjected to at least 20 melt/freeze cycles with no mechanical failure occurring.

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Palladium–Carbon Eutectic Fixed Point for Thermocouple Calibration

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Assessment of tungsten/rhenium thermocouples with metal-carbon eutectic fixed points up to 1500°C

Assessment of tungsten/rhenium thermocouples with metal-carbon eutectic fixed points up to 1500°C

Melting and freezing behavior of pure Ni cells in alumina crucibles with different internal structures

Cobalt–Carbon Eutectic Fixed Point for Contact Thermometry

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