Paleoethnobotany at the LSP-1 rockshelter, south central Oregon: Assessing the nutritional diversity of plant foods in Holocene diet

Kennedy, Jaime; Smith, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.12.008

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recent archaeological excavations at the LSP-1 rockshelter (Smith et al, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016a, 2016b; Kennedy and Smith, 2016), which formed at 1449 m asl (Fig. 4) when the lake cut into the relatively soft Rattlesnake Tuff Formation (Walker, 1979), also provide important evidence regarding the lake’s history and human use of the NWVSA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9300 and ca. 4500 cal yr BP based on gaps in the radiocarbon dates and the projectile point sequence (Kennedy and Smith, 2016). This interval encompasses the middle Holocene drought (Wriston, 2009), or Altithermal (Antevs, 1948) and, coupled with a paucity of Northern Side-notched points at surface sites in the NWVSA (Smith et al, in press), suggests that groups followed the marshes and lakes south during these hyper-arid conditions and largely abandoned North Warner Valley.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the late Holocene, charred tule and cattail seeds from LSP-1’s upper deposits reflect use of marsh resources in addition to a broad spectrum of other plants. Tule seeds from these deposits have been AMS dated to 2585 cal yr BP (2490±25 14 C yr BP [Kennedy and Smith, 2016]) while cattail seeds have been AMS dated to 935 cal yr BP (1013±29 14 C yr BP [Kennedy and Smith, 2016]). At these times, marsh resources may have been more accessible from the shelter (i.e., located farther north in Warner Valley) during relatively mesic periods when lake levels rose and filled the basin floor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9300 and ca. 4500 cal yr BP (Kennedy and Smith, 2016), presumably due to harsh conditions during the middle Holocene. Although conditions were much drier than in the past, wetlands, lakes, and/or springs persisted on the floors of most valleys in the northwestern Great Basin even as dunes accumulated around them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2960 cal yr BP (Wigand, 1987). Tule seeds discovered in LSP-1 that date to 2585 cal yr BP (Kennedy and Smith, 2016) suggest that marshlands expanded northward in Warner Valley at this time. However, after ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Wriston

Smith

2017

Quat. res.

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During the late Pleistocene, Warner Valley (Oregon, USA) was filled by Lake Warner; however, little is known about its rise and fall and how its changing lake levels effected the distribution of the valley’s earliest occupants. The discovery of Paleoindian projectile points along ancient shorelines of the lake spurred us to examine them for geochronological controls to aid in constructing the lake’s history. We found that Lake Warner filled the valley floor between ca. 30,000 and 10,300 cal yr BP, probably reaching its maximum ca. 17,000–16,100 cal yr BP before it began to recede. People arrived with Clovis and Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points before ca. 12,800 cal yr BP, around the time the lake stalled in its retreat. When the lake continued its decline, people using WST points followed it southward into the valley floor, where dune-and-slough topography began developing ca. 10,300 cal yr BP in response to episodic wetting and drying during the early Holocene. By the time Mazama tephra fell, ca. 7600 cal yr BP, the once large lake was divided into a series of small lakes, ponds, and sloughs that attracted people to their abundant resources of endemic fish and marsh plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Wriston

Smith

2017

Quat. res.

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Middle Holocene menus: dietary reconstruction from coprolites at the Connley Caves, Oregon, USA

McDonough

2019

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth: Paleoethnobotany of Connley Cave 5, Oregon, USA

et al. 2022

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Paleoethnobotanical perspectives are essential for understanding past lifeways yet continue to be underrepresented in Paleoindian research. We present new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon data from combustion features within stratified cultural components at Connley Caves, Oregon, that reaffirm the inclusion of plants in the diet of Paleoindian groups. Botanical remains from three features in Connley Cave 5 show that people foraged for diverse dryland taxa and a narrow range of wetland plants during the summer and fall months. These data add new taxa to the known Pleistocene food economy and support the idea that groups equipped with Western Stemmed Tradition toolkits had broad, flexible diets. When viewed continentally, this work contributes to a growing body of research indicating that regionally adapted subsistence strategies were in place by at least the Younger Dryas and that some foragers in the Far West may have incorporated a wider range of plants including small seeds, leafy greens, fruits, cacti, and geophytes into their diet earlier than did Paleoindian groups elsewhere in North America. The increasing appearance of diverse and seemingly low-ranked resources in the emerging Paleoindian plant-food economy suggests the need to explore a variety of nutritional variables to explain certain aspects of early foraging behavior.

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Paleoethnobotany at the LSP-1 rockshelter, south central Oregon: Assessing the nutritional diversity of plant foods in Holocene diet

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Middle Holocene menus: dietary reconstruction from coprolites at the Connley Caves, Oregon, USA

Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth: Paleoethnobotany of Connley Cave 5, Oregon, USA

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