Paleoecology of Late Pleistocene Glacial-Marine Sediments in Northwestern Washington and Southwestern British Columbia

Balzarini, Maria A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3793-5_14

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Foraminifera were fouiid in most of the analysed samples, but only two samples (both from the upper stony mud, unit 5, at the Bradner Road pit) contain enough specimens to calculate statistically significant percentages ( Table 2). The foraminiferal assemblages of these two samples are similar to some late-glacial assemblages from southwestern British Columbia re-ported by Smith (1970Smith ( , 1978 and Balzarini (1983). The absence of temperate species (scnsu Patterson et id.…”

Section: Fwrirninijirrrsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Pre‐Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada

Clague

Mathewes

Guilbault³

et al. 1997

Boreas

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Clague, J. J., Mathewes, R. W., Guilbault, J.‐P., Hutchinson, I. & Ricketts, B. D. 1997 (September): Pre‐Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada. Boreas, Vol. 26, pp. 261–278. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483. A lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet readvanced into the central Fvaser Lowland, southwestern British Columbia, Canada, on at least two occasions near the end of the last glaciation. This ice also flowed into the previously deglaciated, lower reaches of mountain valleys adjacent to the Fraser Lowland and into Washington state. The first of these advances occurred before about 11900 BP and ended with glacier retreat and the establishment of lodgepole pine forest on newly deglaciated terrain. Parts of this forest were overridden by ice during a second advance, shortly after 11300 BP. The younger advance is most likely older than the Younger Dryas Chronozone (11000–10000 BP) and may correlate with an intra‐Allerad cooling event (the Killarney‐Gerzensee oscillation). The older advance may have occurred during the Oldest Dryas or Older Dryas cold period. Non‐climatic factors could also be involved, as emergence of the Fraser Lowland before the older advance greatly reduced or eliminated calving at the glacier margin and thus altered the mass balance of the ice lobe.

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Section: Fwrirninijirrrsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The foraminiferal assemblages of these two samples are similar to some late-glacial assemblages from southwestern British Columbia reported by Smith (1970Smith ( , 1978 and Balzarini (1983). The absence of temperate species (scnsu Patterson et id.…”

Section: Fwrirninijirrrsupporting

confidence: 62%

Pre‐Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada

Clague

Mathewes

Guilbault³

et al. 1997

Boreas

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“…Our paleontological studies concentrated on the paleoecology of invertebrate assemblages (Balzarini, 1983) collected from published locations and from new sites discovered during regional mapping. We dated shell collected at sites where stratigraphic relations were particularly clear or where the change in relative sea level could be measured (Appendix Table A1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Wisconsinan glaciomarine deposition and isostatic rebound, northern Puget Lowland, Washington

Dethier

Pessl

Keuler

et al. 1995

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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The distribution and age of glaciomarine and marine sediment in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington, demonstrate that rapid retreat of continental ice, the Everson marine incursion, and high rates of isostatic rebound occurred between about 13 600 and 11 300 14 C yr B.P. (11.3 ka). Glaciomarine and marine deposits are thickest in zones where retreating ice lobes grounded, in the northeast Puget Lowland, and near large drainages. Glaciomarine sediment was deposited mainly from (1) submarine outwash in ice-proximal zones; (2) turbid underflows, dispersed melt water, icebergs, and resedimentation in transitional zones; and (3) dispersed melt water and currents in icedistal zones. Marine, estuarine, and emergence (intertidal and beach) facies accumulated in areas more than 10 km from ice margins, particularly near major rivers. Molluscan and foraminiferal assemblages in the glaciomarine and marine deposits indicate that turbid, cool, brackish water covered much of the Puget Lowland during the Everson interval. Water was generally shallower (<30 m) in the southern part of the area and deeper (15-60 m) to the north. Mineralogy and geochemical properties such as boron or sodium content of the gravel-free fraction do not clearly distinguish glaciomarine and marine deposits from terrestrial deposits. Isostatic rebound rapidly lifted the glaciomarine and marine deposits through sea level between about 13.5 and 11.3 ka. The present altitudes of radiocarbon-dated shell and the marine limit show that initial rates of isostatic rebound exceeded 10 cm yr ؊1 in the northern Puget Lowland, but dropped to 2 cm yr ؊1 before 11 ka. The uplift gradient is about 0.6 m km ؊1 to the north and steepens locally to at least 1.3 m km ؊1. The pattern of emergence in the northern Puget Lowland is anomalous locally, perhaps as a result of complex isostatic effects near the glacier margin, rapid rise of sea level, or tectonic deformation.

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“…Morner 1969, p. 172) perhaps need to be modified considering the highly variable character of this environment and other documented occurrences in glaciomarine settings (cf. HilldCn 1979;Balzarini 1983).…”

Section: A ;mentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized lithofacies model for glaciomarine and marine sequences in the Göteborg area, Sweden

Stevens¹,

Hellgren²

1990

Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar

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G., 1990 06 15: A generalized lithofacies model for glaciomarine and marine sequences in the Goteborg area, Sweden. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, Vol. 112, Pt. 2, pp. 89-105. Stockholm. ISSN 0016-786X. Strong stratigraphic trends can be recognized at many, if not most, of the valley localities below the marine limit in the Goteborg area. The deposits reflect the deglaciation and the isostatically induced regression following the last Weichselian glaciation. The generalized sequence of paleoenvironments and their associated deposits are used as an initial basis for comparing three stratigraphic examples from SW Sweden. These interpreted sections, in turn, are used to improve the paleogeographic model by specifying typical variations in important environmental parameters not originally included in the model. Ice-front proximity and meltwater drainage are decisively involved in the supply of sediments to both proximal and distal glaciomarine settings. Climatic variations further determine the extent of this supply and the balance between the contribution from the glacial source and the increasingly important supply from local erosion. Sedimentologic facies are described and discussed with respect to environmental interpretations in these late Quaternary, finegrained sequences. The lithofacies model reflects changes that are often time-transgressive between localities, but nevertheless comparable due to the similar depositional conditions. The resulting facies model can help in the observational, comparative and interpretive phases of an investigation. 0 Goteborg. Sweden, stratigraphic model. Weichselian deglaciation, environmental evolution, glaciomarine and marine. fine-grained sediments, sedirnentation rates, vanes, depositional processes, iron sulfides, textural fiatures. Rodney L. Stevens, Geologiska institutionen, Chahners tekniska h6gskola/Goteborgs unirersitet. S-412 96 Goteborg. Sweden, and Lars-Gunnar Ilellgren. Stadsbyggnadskontoret, Box 2554, S-403 17 Goteborg. Sweden. hiannuscript

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Paleoecology of Late Pleistocene Glacial-Marine Sediments in Northwestern Washington and Southwestern British Columbia

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Pre‐Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada

Pre‐Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada

Late Wisconsinan glaciomarine deposition and isostatic rebound, northern Puget Lowland, Washington

A generalized lithofacies model for glaciomarine and marine sequences in the Göteborg area, Sweden

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