Paleobotanical evidences of the Tertiary history and origin of the Mediterranean sclerophyll dendroflora

Palamarev, Emanuel

doi:10.1007/bf00936912

Cited by 194 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Alternatively, fossil records from oak species of subgenus Cerris, notably Quercus sosnowski (Palamarev, 1989), together with evidences of past occurrence of cork oak until last century and phylogenetic investigations, already planted a seed of doubt concerning at least its natural presence in the South Eastern Mediterranean (Lumaret et al, 2005;Simeone et al, 2013;Schirone et al, 2015 and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercus suber range dynamics by ecological niche modelling: from the Last Interglacial to present time

Vessella

Simeone

Schirone

2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercus suber range dynamics by ecological niche modelling: from the Last Interglacial to present time

Vessella

Simeone

Schirone

2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…The fossil remains of ancestors of P. omorika, P. heldreichii, P. peuce, and their relatives ( [58], [18] [59] and [58], resp.) originate from Eocene to Pleistocene (cited in [34 -36]) but the closest living relatives ( [60] [58] and [6] [61 -63], resp.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpene Chemodiversity of Relict Conifers Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, and Pinus peuce, Endemic to Balkan

Nikolić¹,

Ristić²,

Tešević³

et al. 2011

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Terpenes are often used as ecological and chemotaxonomic markers of plant species, as well as for estimation of geographic variability. Essential oils of relic and Balkan endemic/subendemic conifers, Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, and P. peuce, in central part of Balkan Peninsula (Serbia and Montenegro), on the level of terpene classes and common terpene compounds were investigated. In finding terpene combinations, which could show the best diversity between species and their natural populations, several statistical methods were applied. Apart from the content of different terpene classes (P. omorika has the most abundant O-containing monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; P. heldreichii and P. peuce have the largest abundance of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons, resp.), the species are clearly separated according to terpene profile with 22 common compounds. But, divergences in their populations were established only in combination of several compounds (specific for each species), and they were found to be the results of geomorphologic, climatic, and genetic factors. We found similarities between investigated species and some taxa from literature with respect to terpene composition, possibly due to hybridization and phylogenetic relations. Obtained results are also important regarding to chemotaxonomy, biogeography, phylogeny, and evolution of these taxa.

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“…The ecology and evolution of Mediterranean-type ecosystems are well studied (2,3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and although these climatic regions occupy Ͻ5% of the Earth's surface, they harbor almost 20% of the known vascular plant species diversity on Earth. As in other ecosystems, Mediterranean-climate communities are the result of historical effects and sorting processes occurring in different geological times and different ecological scenarios (3,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the Oligocene (36 Myr B.P.) (9,10). Despite the wave of extinctions that occurred with increasing aridity, the fossil record shows that large taxonomic components of this ancient flora remain in contemporary communities of Mediterranean regions (3,9,10) and tropical non-Mediterranean regions (13,15) around the world and include some of the most abundant modern genera such as Rhus, Cercocarpus, Garrya, Ceanothus, Arctostaphylos, Pistacia, Quercus, and Dodonaea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Quaternary plant lineages promote diversity through facilitation of ancient Tertiary lineages

Valiente‐Banuet

Rumebe

Verdú

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

246

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One of the most important floristic sorting periods to affect modern plant communities occurred during the shift from the wet Tertiary period to the unusually dry Quaternary, when most global deserts developed. During this time, a wave of new plant species emerged, presumably in response to the new climate. Interestingly, most Tertiary species that have been tracked through the fossil record did not disappear but remained relatively abundant despite the development of a much more unfavorable climate for species adapted to moist conditions. Here we find, by integrating paleobotanical, ecological, and phylogenetic analyses, that a large number of ancient Tertiary species in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems appear to have been preserved by the facilitative or ''nurse'' effects of modern Quaternary species. Our results indicate that these interdependent relationships among plants have played a central role in the preservation of the global biodiversity and provided a mechanism for stabilizing selection and the conservation of ecological traits over evolutionary time scales.Mediterranean-type ecosystems ͉ Mexical shrubland ͉ phylogenetic niche conservatism ͉ plant facilitation ͉ stabilizing selection T he evolutionary processes that drive speciation and create biological diversity are central to the natural sciences, but we know little regarding the historical ecological processes that have eliminated species from communities or allowed them to persist (1). Current plant communities are the product of historical sorting processes and, therefore, include mixtures of floristic elements originating in different geological times and, presumably, under different ecological scenarios (2). Many extant plant species are millions of years old (3) and, therefore, have persisted through dramatic changes in global climate. Biogeographic and paleontological evidence indicates that communities are derived from species that have originated in different geological times and places, and that these taxa have been mixed and culled independently of each other through various sorting processes (2, 3). The perception that interdependent processes among plant species are insignificant over evolutionary time frames has been central to the idea that communities are ''merely a coincidence'' (4) and the development of neutral model theory on biodiversity (5). Therefore, with few exceptions (6, 7), plant communities are not thought to possess stable properties determined by plant-plant interactions.In contrast to existing theory, our observations of ecological relationships among species in semiarid communities around the world suggest that powerful facilitative ecological interactions among plant species have been a crucial component of the historical and sorting processes responsible for the composition and diversity of contemporary plant communities. Facilitative interactions appear to have been particularly important during the shift from mesic Tertiary period to the unusually dry Quaternary when global deserts developed. Desertification pr...

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Paleobotanical evidences of the Tertiary history and origin of the Mediterranean sclerophyll dendroflora

Cited by 194 publications

References 7 publications

Quercus suber range dynamics by ecological niche modelling: from the Last Interglacial to present time

Quercus suber range dynamics by ecological niche modelling: from the Last Interglacial to present time

Terpene Chemodiversity of Relict Conifers Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, and Pinus peuce, Endemic to Balkan

Modern Quaternary plant lineages promote diversity through facilitation of ancient Tertiary lineages

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