Paleo diet still lacks evidence

Fenton, Tanis R.; Fenton, Carol

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.139006

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The content of the table is derived from References [56,57,58,59]. X means there is proven evidence of the benefit; x indicates hypothetical evidence.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome

Hoyas¹,

León‐Sanz

2019

JCM

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Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Different diagnostic criteria were proposed, but a consensus was reached in 2009 based on values of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. The main underlying etiologic factor is insulin resistance. The quality and quantity of individual macronutrients have an influence on the development and resolution of this syndrome. However, the main treatment goal is weight loss and a decrease in insulin resistance. A controlled energy dietary recommendation, together with moderate levels of physical activity, may positively change the parameters of MetS. However, there is no single dietary or exercise prescription that works for all patients. Dietary patterns such as Mediterranean-style, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets can ameliorate insulin resistance and MetS. Long-term adherence to a healthy lifestyle is key in assuring that individuals significantly reduce the risk of CVD and diabetes mellitus.

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“…The content of the table is derived from References [56,57,58,59]. X means there is proven evidence of the benefit; x indicates hypothetical evidence.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome

Hoyas¹,

León‐Sanz

2019

JCM

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“…Moreover, several systematic reviews have shown the potential protective effect of the PaleoDiet on cardiovascular risk factors (12) , on glucose metabolism and insulin homeostasis impairment (13) and on anthropometric measurements (14) . However, these associated potential benefits are not accepted without controversy, notably because of the restrictions of dairy products, legumes and grains, which generally are considered healthy foods (15) . From a public health perspective, this issue is very relevant because the PaleoDiet is becoming increasingly popular, especially among young adults and athletes (16) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoping review of Paleolithic dietary patterns: a definition proposal

Zazpe

Martínéz

et al. 2020

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Abstract The Paleolithic diet (PaleoDiet) is an allegedly healthy dietary pattern inspired by the consumption of wild foods and animals assumed to be consumed in the Paleolithic era. Despite gaining popularity in the media, different operational definitions of this Paleolithic nutritional intake have been used in research. Our hypothesis is that specific components used to define the PaleoDiet may modulate the association of this diet with several health outcomes. We comprehensively reviewed currently applied PaleoDiet scores and suggested a new score based on the food composition of current PaleoDiet definitions and the theoretical food content of a staple dietary pattern in the Paleolithic age. In a PubMed search up to December 2019, fourteen different PaleoDiet definitions were found. We observed some common components of the PaleoDiet among these definitions although we also found high heterogeneity in the list of specific foods that should be encouraged or banned within the PaleoDiet. Most studies suggest that the PaleoDiet may have beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity, CVD and hyperlipidaemias) but the level of evidence is still weak because of the limited number of studies with a large sample size, hard outcomes instead of surrogate outcomes and long-term follow-up. Finally, we propose a new PaleoDiet score composed of eleven food items, based on a high consumption of fruits, nuts, vegetables, fish, eggs and unprocessed meats (lean meats); and a minimum content of dairy products, grains and cereals, and legumes and practical absence of processed (or ultra-processed) foods or culinary ingredients.

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“…It emphasizes lean meat more than processed meats and animal fats [65]. In addition, it restricts cereals, beans, and dairy products, which are frequently regarded as healthy foods; however, it seems to be more helpful in limiting the intake of added sugars and fats [69]. Because the Paleolithic diet might reduce levels of oxidative stress and inflammation throughout the body, we still believe that it may help prevent cancer including gliomas [70,71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Healthy Dietary Patterns and Glioma: A Matched Case-Control Study

Zhang,

He,

Wang

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Recent studies have revealed a putative relationship between diet and glioma development and prognosis, but few studies have examined the association between overall diet and glioma risk. This study, conducted in China, employed a hospital-based case-control approach. The researchers utilized an a priori method based on dietary data to evaluate compliance scores for five healthy dietary patterns (the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, the Paleolithic diet, and the Planetary Health Diet) in 1012 participants. At the same time, data-driven methods were used to explore the association between dietary patterns and glioma via principal component analysis (PCA). In the multivariate model, adhering to the Mediterranean diet (odds ratio (OR) = 0.29; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.17–0.52), the DASH diet (OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04–0.18), the MIND diet (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14–0.44), and the Paleolithic diet (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06–0.25) was associated with a reduced glioma risk. The results of PCA suggested that increasing the intake of plant-based foods and fish and limiting foods rich in carbohydrates, fats, and salts were associated with a reduced glioma risk. There was a substantial nonlinear dose–response association between glioma and the Mediterranean diet score. However, the DASH diet score, the MIND diet score, and the Paleolithic diet score exhibited linear dose–response relationships. Therefore, this study finds that dietary patterns may be an influencing factor for glioma risk.

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Paleo diet still lacks evidence

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome

Scoping review of Paleolithic dietary patterns: a definition proposal

Adherence to Healthy Dietary Patterns and Glioma: A Matched Case-Control Study

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