Palatal changes of reverse smokers in a rural coastal Andhra population with review of literature

Bharath, T. Sreenivasa; Kumar, Naveen; Nagaraja, A; Saraswathi, TR; Babu, G Suresh; Raju, P. Ramanjaneya

doi:10.4103/0973-029x.164530

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ramesh et al also reported a significant decrease in cell size and a substantial increase in nuclear size from healthy cells to mucosal lesions with dysplasia and further dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma [35]. Lavanya et al reported similar findings from standard samples to lesions with a white patch and further from red areas to squamous cell carcinoma in reverse smokers [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The reduction in cellular diameter and increase in nuclear diameter can be an early indication of malignant changes, and this reflects the dysplastic changes taken place in premalignant lesions as compared to the normal oral mucosa. So, the premalignant lesions can be considered an intermediate stage in the range from normal to carcinoma [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hillman et al reported a higher nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio in heavier smokers [ 39 ]. Bharath et al observed a significant increase in mean nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio from standard samples through lesions to squamous cell carcinoma in reverse smokers [ 36 ]. Cowpe et al [ 25 ] also found considerable elevation in mean nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of the abnormal oral mucosal squamous cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of tobacco in human oral leukoplakia: a cytomorphometric analysis

Patel¹,

Shah

Patel

et al. 2020

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Objectives. Tobacco use is one of the most critical risk factors for different oral diseases. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of tobacco on oral mucosa by cytomorphometric analysis of cells with the help of exfoliative cytology and to find out the improvement in diagnostic sensitivity of exfoliative cytology in the detection of dysplastic changes and early oral malignancy. Methods. The nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) of cells were measured within cytological smear obtained from leukoplakia lesions of buccal mucosa of 90 tobacco users, 30 smokers (TS), 30 chewers (TC) and 30 with combined habit of smoking and chewing (TSC)] and from normal buccal mucosa of 30 non users (NU) of tobacco. Each habit group consisted of 30 tobacco users with oral leukoplakia lesion with mild epithelial dysplasia only. The 30 non-users of tobacco served as controls. The mean values of the CA and NA were obtained for each case, and the nuclear/cytoplasmic area (NA/CA) ratio was calculated. Results. The results showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.001) in mean NA and a statistically significant decrease (P<0.001) in mean CA values of tobacco users with leukoplakia as compared to non-users, hence NA/CA ratio value was significantly higher in tobacco users with the lesion. Conclusion. The changes in cellular morphology caused by tobacco use can be visualized by use of exfoliative cytology with the help of cytomorphometric analysis. The evaluation of parameters (NA, CA and NA/CA ratio) may increase the sensitivity of exfoliative cytology for the early diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of tobacco in human oral leukoplakia: a cytomorphometric analysis

Patel¹,

Shah

Patel

et al. 2020

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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“…Their criteria included the disorder affecting more than two different oral sites and the existence of a verrucous area. Initial clinical presentation could be flat white lesions (without any verrucous component) (Batsakis et al, 1999;Villa et al, 2018) and initially may also sometimes have a lichenoid clinical appearance (Garcia-Pola et al, 2016;McParland & Warnakulasuriya, 2020) and be signed out as being lichenoid by the pathologist. In the latter situation, it is possible that a case could be erroneously treated as OLP for many years, with the risk of missing, or of accelerating, subsequent malignancy.…”

Section: Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

et al. 2020

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Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of cancers of the lip or oral cavity. This paper presents an updated report on the nomenclature and the classification of OPMDs, based predominantly on their clinical features, following discussions by an expert group at a workshop held by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer in the UK. The first workshop held in London in 2005 considered a wide spectrum of disorders under the term "potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa" (PMD) (now referred to as oral potentially malignant disorders: OPMD) including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa, and dyskeratosis congenita. Any new evidence published in the intervening Medical Sciences,

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“…The oral mucosal lesions predominantly associated with reverse smoking are hyperpigmentation, depigmentation, stomatitis nicotina, preleukoplakia, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and palatal cancer. [489] Despite its harmful effects on health, hardly any literature exists pertaining to the social and psychological factors associated with its initiation and abiding factors of reverse smoking. Hence, in the current study, a qualitative research was conducted to comprehend the various psychological and social factors associated with reverse smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial factors associated with reverse smoking: A qualitative research

Harini

Raju

et al. 2016

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Objectives:Reverse smoking is a peculiar form of smoking in which the smoker puts the lit end of the cigarette into the mouth and then inhales the smoke. There may be many predisposing factors that influence an individual to cultivate this habit, of which psychosocial habits could be the predominating factor. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the psychosocial factors that influence an individual to undertake this peculiar habit of reverse smoking.Materials and Methods:A total of 128 habitual reverse smokers were included in the study, out of which 121 were females and 7 were males. A pretested open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was collected by direct interview method. Snowball sampling technique was employed in collecting the information regarding regular reverse smokers. Interviews were continued until new information did not provide further insights into the categories. The people who could not understand verbal commands and questions and who did not give an informed consent were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using MS Office Excel using Chi-square test of Goodness of fit.Results:In contrast to the conventional smokers, various new reasons were identified for starting reverse smoking, of which the most important was that they had learned this habit from their mothers. This was followed by other reasons such as peer pressure, friendship, and cold climatic conditions.Conclusion:This study provided an insight into the various factors that could influence an individual to take up this peculiar habit of reverse smoking.

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Palatal changes of reverse smokers in a rural coastal Andhra population with review of literature

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of tobacco in human oral leukoplakia: a cytomorphometric analysis

Effect of tobacco in human oral leukoplakia: a cytomorphometric analysis

Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

Psychosocial factors associated with reverse smoking: A qualitative research

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