Palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology of Patagonia: effects on biodiversity

Ruzzante, Daniel E.; Rabassa, Jorge

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01693.x

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Consideration of both temporal scales in conservation genomics is likely to be important regardless of the taxon and/or region under study, but studies focused on species inhabiting the temperate regions of the world, the regions that experienced the effects of the Quaternary glacial cycles directly (Hewitt ; Ruzzante et al . ; Ruzzante & Rabassa ; Fraser et al . ), are most likely to reveal the strongest signals of processes affecting population genetic structure and diversity over both temporal scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echoes of a distant time: effects of historical processes on contemporary genetic patterns in Galaxias platei in Patagonia

2015

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Interpreting the genetic structure of a metapopulation as the outcome of gene flow over a variety of timescales is essential for the proper understanding of how changes in landscape affect biological connectivity. Here we contrast historical and contemporary connectivity in two metapopulations of the freshwater fish Galaxias platei in northern and southernmost Patagonia where paleolakes existed during the Holocene and Pleistocene, respectively. Contemporary gene flow was mostly high and asymmetrical in the northern system while extremely reduced in the southernmost system. Historical migration patterns were high and symmetric in the northern system and high and largely asymmetric in the southern system. Both systems showed a moderate structure with a clear pattern of isolation by distance (IBD). Effective population sizes were smaller in populations with low contemporary gene flow. An approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach suggests a late Holocene colonization of the lakes in the northern system and recent divergence of the populations from refugial populations from east and west of the Andes. For the southern system, the ABC approach reveals that some of the extant G. platei populations most likely derive from an ancestral population inhabiting a large Pleistocene paleolake while the rest derive from a higher-altitude lake. Our results suggest that neither historical nor contemporary processes individually fully explain the observed structure and geneflow patterns and both are necessary for a proper understanding of the factors that affect diversity and its distribution. Our study highlights the importance of a temporal perspective on connectivity to analyse the diversity of spatially complex metapopulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). In other cases, extant lakes had a more recent origin during the Holocene after the retreat of the ice cap and populations inhabiting them are mostly the result of late colonization (Laugenie ; Ruzzante & Rabassa ; Ruzzante et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echoes of a distant time: effects of historical processes on contemporary genetic patterns in Galaxias platei in Patagonia

2015

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“…Understanding such patterns and the processes affecting them is a focal issue in evolutionary biology and is fundamental for the design and implementation of scientifically informed initiatives for the conservation of biodiversity. The combined impact of these processes on current biodiversity patterns is beginning to be understood (Ruzzante & Rabassa, 2011) for terrestrial (e.g. The combined impact of these processes on current biodiversity patterns is beginning to be understood (Ruzzante & Rabassa, 2011) for terrestrial (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and phenotypic variation among Galaxias maculatus populations reflects contrasting landscape effects between northern and southern Patagonia

2012

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Summary 1. Understanding the influence of landscape characteristics on genetic and phenotypic intraspecific variability can yield insights into how evolutionary processes work as well as provide essential information for the conservation of biodiversity. 2. Our aim was to compare the genetic structure and phenotypic variation among Galaxias maculatus populations inhabiting two Atlantic Ocean river basins in Patagonia in relation to historical and contemporary landscape characteristics associated with latitude. 3. Population genetic analysis (based on eight microsatellite loci, 505 individuals) indicates that genetic structure is more pronounced in the Río Negro basin (RN) at 39–41°S (10 localities) than in the southernmost Santa Cruz River basin (SCR) at 49–50°S (seven localities). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed different effects of geographic distance in shaping population differentiation patterns in the two basins. 4. While in northern Patagonia, fragmented populations could have survived the severity of Quaternary climate cycles, at higher latitudes G. maculatus populations were probably extirpated by extensive ice sheets. Extant populations in the upper reaches of the southernmost basin probably originated from refugia close to the Atlantic Ocean. 5. Based on otolith microchemistry, we have documented facultative diadromy for the first time for the species in the SCR basin, while no evidence of migration to the sea was found in individuals from the RN basin. Vertebral number increased with latitude, and within the SCR basin, the higher counts are possibly associated with a migratory life style.

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“…Manel et al, 2010). However, despite growing knowledge of the structuring of populationlevel diversity in South America (Turchetto-Zolet et al, 2013), the processes involved are largely unknown (Ruzzante & Rabassa, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of spatial and climatic landscapes in the genetic distribution of a South American parrot

Masello

Montano

Quillfeldt

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Our aim was to understand the interplay of heterogeneous climatic and spatial landscapes in shaping the distribution of nuclear microsatellite variation in burrowing parrots, Cyanoliseus patagonus. Given the marked phenotypic dif ferences between populations of burrowing parrots we hypothesized an impor tant role of geographical as well climatic heterogeneity in the population structure of this species.Location Southern South America.Methods We applied a landscape genetics approach to investigate the explicit patterns of genetic spatial autocorrelation based on both geography and climate using spatial principal component analysis (sPCA). This necessitated a novel statistical estimation of the species climatic landscape, considering temperature and precipitation based variables separately to evaluate their weight in shaping the distribution of genetic variation in our model system.Results Geographical and climatic heterogeneity successfully explained molec ular variance in burrowing parrots. sPCA divided the species distribution into two main areas, Patagonia and the pre Andes, which were connected by an area of geographical and climatic transition. Moreover, sPCA revealed cryptic and conservation relevant genetic structure: the pre Andean populations and the transition localities were each divided into two groups, each management units for conservation.Main conclusions sPCA, a method originally developed for spatial genetics, allowed us to unravel the genetic structure related to spatial and climatic land scapes and to visualize these patterns in landscape space. These novel climatic inferences underscore the importance of our modified sPCA approach in revealing how climatic variables can drive cryptic patterns of genetic structure, making the approach potentially useful in the study of any species distributed over a climatically heterogeneous landscape.

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Palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology of Patagonia: effects on biodiversity

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Echoes of a distant time: effects of historical processes on contemporary genetic patterns in Galaxias platei in Patagonia

Echoes of a distant time: effects of historical processes on contemporary genetic patterns in Galaxias platei in Patagonia

Genetic and phenotypic variation among Galaxias maculatus populations reflects contrasting landscape effects between northern and southern Patagonia

The interplay of spatial and climatic landscapes in the genetic distribution of a South American parrot

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