Pain in Birds

Douglas, Jamie; Guzmán, David Sánchez-Migallón; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2017.08.008

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Another prerequisite for the assessment of a nocicep�ve response is func�oning s�mulus transmission. Despite some differences in the nervous system, the processing of noxious s�muli in birds is comparable to that in mammals 11 . C-fibers and A-delta fibers have been found in chickens, innerva�ng the beak, nasal and buccal mucosa as well as the legs 41,42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Since self-repor�ng is not possible, it is difficult to evaluate pain percep�on in animals 21 . Nocicep�ve reac�ons to a noxious s�mulus, on the other hand, can be measured 11 . The recording of cardiovascular parameters is well suited for the clinical evalua�on of nocicep�on in animals, including birds 30,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C-fibers and A-delta fibers have been found in chickens, innerva�ng the beak, nasal and buccal mucosa as well as the legs 41,42 . High-threshold mechanothermal nociceptors are polymodal and respond to mechanical lesions, elevated temperatures and chemical insult 11 . It is considered that injuries to the beak can be highly painful for the bird 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pain research, a fundamental dis�nc�on is made between nocicep�on and the percep�on of pain 8 . While nocicep�on is the detec�on of a poten�ally �ssue-damaging s�mulus and its transmission by the nocicep�ve nervous system 9 , pain is characterized by a subjec�ve, conscious sensory percep�on, usually triggered by nocicep�on 10,11 . Nocicep�on and pain are progressive adap�ve processes that gradually develop throughout the fetal period 12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nociception in chicken embryos, Part I: Analysis of cardiovascular responses to a mechanical noxious stimulus

Weiss

Saller

Werner

et al. 2023

Preprint

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While it is assumed that chicken embryos acquire the ability for nociception during the developmental period in the egg, an exact time point has not yet been specified. This study aimed to determine the onset of nociception during embryonic development in chicken. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in response to a mechanical noxious stimulus at the base of the beak versus a light touch on the beak in chicken embryos between embryonic days (EDs) 7 and 18 were examined. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was the most sensitive parameter for assessing cardiovascular responses. Significant changes in MAP in response to a noxious stimulus were detected in embryos at ED16 to ED18, while significant changes in HR were observed on ED17 and ED18. Infiltration anesthesia with the local anesthetic lidocaine significantly reduced reactions in MAP on ED18, so the cardiovascular changes can be assumed to be nociceptive responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nociception in chicken embryos, Part I: Analysis of cardiovascular responses to a mechanical noxious stimulus

Weiss

Saller

Werner

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In birds C-and Aδ-axons along the spinothalamic tract terminate at peripheral nociceptive receptors connecting the peripheral nervous system with central regions of the avian brain 91 . These afferent fibers start developing around day 4 in the embryo, including functional multisynaptic reflex arcs and sensomotoric coupling in ovo around day 7 16,84,92 , excluding EEG recording before this stage.…”

Section: Selection Of the Embryonal Timeframe For Eeg Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part II: Embryonal development of electroencephalic neuronal activityin ovoas a prerequisite for nociception

Kollmansperger

Anders

Werner

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Chicken culling is forbidden in Germany since 2022, male/female selection and male elimination must be brought to an embryonic status prior to the onset of nociception. The present study evaluated the ontogenetic point when noxious stimuli potentially could be perceived/processed in the brainin ovo.EEG-recordings from randomized hyperpallial brain sites were recordedin ovoand noxious stimuli were applied. Temporal and spectral analyses of the EEG were performed.The onset of physiological neuronal signals could be determined at developmental day 13. ERP/ERSP/ITC analysis did not reveal phase-locked nociceptive responses.Although no central nociceptive responses were documented, adequate EEG-responses to noxious stimuli from other brain areas cannot be excluded. The extreme stress impact on the embryo during the recording may overwrite the perception of noniceptive stimuli. The results suggest developmental day 13 as the earliest embryonal stage being able to receive and process nociceptive stimuli.

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Animal maltreatment: Implications for behavioral science professionals

Levitt¹

2018

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Despite the widespread belief among the public and an increasing number of law enforcement personnel that individuals who harm animals often harm other people, the subject of animal maltreatment has received little attention from behavioral scientists. Advances in comparative neuroanatomy have highlighted the ability of animals to feel physical and emotional pain, including complex psychological reactions to traumatic events. These advances, and recent studies (however sparse) that support the notion that perpetrators of crimes against animals often commit other crimes, have arguably created an ethical and practical imperative for behavioral scientists to undertake a serious examination of animal maltreatment and potential mechanisms for responding to it. In addition, the close and complex relationships many Americans have with animals and the advancements in animal protection law in the past two decades necessitate expertise on the part of forensic psychologists and psychiatrists, who will increasingly be called upon to evaluate animal maltreatment offenders and consult on related policy and legislation.

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Pain in Birds

Cited by 16 publications

References 87 publications

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part I: Analysis of cardiovascular responses to a mechanical noxious stimulus

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part I: Analysis of cardiovascular responses to a mechanical noxious stimulus

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part II: Embryonal development of electroencephalic neuronal activityin ovoas a prerequisite for nociception

Animal maltreatment: Implications for behavioral science professionals

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