“…This finding, which several studies sustain, is mainly because this is an interdisciplinary intervention and that there are difficulties in implementing other pain management measures, such as non--pharmacological interventions and pain assessments (which include initial assessment, planning, education, recording, and reassessment; Becker et al, 2017;Dequeker, Van Lancker, & Van Hecke, 2018;Gan et al, 2018). Pain assessment is recognized in the scientific literature as a challenge, pain education and intervention planning being the most neglected areas in clinical practice (Araujo & Romero, 2015;Medrzycka-Dabrowka, Dąbrowski, Gutysz-Wojnicka, Gawroska-Krzemińska, & Ozga, 2017). The results of this study also corroborate these findings since the overall mean scores for pain education and planning were the lowest.…”