PAH mass concentrations measured in PM10 particle fraction

Šišović, Anica; Bešlić, Ivan; Šega, Krešimir; Vadjić, Vladimira

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.022

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Bešlić et al, 2007;Bešlić et al, 2008;Šišović et al, 2008) as well as research on PM and ozone in Rijeka area (Alebić-Juretić et al, 2007). Regional observations obtained with passive samplers during short-term campaigns in Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina among other countries in Central and Southeastern Europe have been used to analyse PAH levels and conduct the source apportionment analyses based on mass balance technique (Klánová et al, 2007;Dvorská et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of urban and rural particulate matter mass concentrations in Croatia in the period 2006-2014

et al. 2016

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Air pollution due to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 mm (PM 10 ) and diameter ≤ 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) was investigated using available measurements in Croatia. Hourly and daily PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass concentrations were analysed for urban and rural background stations. Urban and industrial PM 10 measurements from 2006 to 2014 and rural background PM 10 and PM 2.5 measurements from 2011 to 2014 were used to determine the main characteristics of regional and local air pollution related to particles and to assess the level of air pollution according to the defined limit values (CAFÉ Directive 2008/50/EC). Significant difference between coastal and continental urban and rural PM 10 levels was found with high PM 10 concentrations in continental areas and considerably lower PM 10 values at the coast. Substantially different spatial distribution of rural background PM concentrations with relatively high annual average concentration ~ 30 mg/m 3 at e.g. continental station Kopački rit, to only ~ 5 mg/m 3 at Hum located on the island of Vis was found. Strong spatial PM gradients from the continent towards the coast are resulting from the distinct differences in climatological characteristics between Croatia's inlands and the coastline and different physical processes affecting the PM concentrations in the two regions (e.g. sea breeze, deposition, wet removal, resuspension). Furthermore, distinct complex chemical mechanisms that depend on emission rate and PM composition and on meteorological parameters (sun radiation, humidity etc.) have different influence on the formation of secondary organic aerosol in marine and continental boundary layer. Ratio between rural PM 2.5 and PM 10 mass concentrations (PM 2.5 / PM 10 ) for all sites was investigated and compared to the results obtained in other European studies. Rural site-specific PM 2.5 / PM 10 ratios ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 during the warmer part of the year while during the colder part of the year ratios were higher and ranged from 0.85 to 0.98. The spatial gradient of rural PM 2.5 / PM 10 values is orientated from the coast to the continent implying that at the coast the PM concentrations are mainly composed of fine particles. with the corresponding PM concentrations and an initial source identification was conducted based on bivariate polar plots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of urban and rural particulate matter mass concentrations in Croatia in the period 2006-2014

et al. 2016

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“…poliuretanska pjena, XAD-2, Chromosorb, Tenax i dr.) na koji se adsorbiraju plinoviti PAU (6,7,43,44). Najčešće se rabe fi ltri od staklenih ili kvarcnih vlakana jer imaju veliku efikasnost zadržavanja lebdećih čestica, dobru čvrstoću i pružaju malen otpor prolazu zraka (8,45). Membranski filtri od celuloznih materijala također se mogu upotrebljavati, ali njihov je nedostatak što pružaju veći otpor prolasku zraka, pa se upotrebljavaju samo za uzorkovanje malih volumena zraka.…”

Section: Uzorkovanje Pauunclassified

“…U Zagrebu su koncentracije BaP zimi 1980. i 1983. godine bile oko 10 ng m -3 (66), dok su 1998. godine pale na oko 5 ng m -3 (64). Tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća u Hrvatskoj su se, sukladno istraživanjima u svijetu, počeli određivati PAU u sitnijim česticama, u prvom redu u frakcijama PM 10 i PM 2,5 (9,45,63). BaP u frakciji lebdećih čestica PM 10 kontinuirano se mjeri u okviru mjerne mreže za praćenje kakvoće zraka u Zagrebu (45), Rijeci i Sisku (67).…”

Section: Razine Pau U Zrakuunclassified

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air

Jakovljević

Žužul

2011

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Institut za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada, ZagrebPrimljeno u veljači 2011. CrossCheck provjera u listopadu 2011.Prihvaćeno u listopadu 2011.Policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici (PAU) spojevi su koji se sastoje od dva ili više kondenziranih aromatskih prstenova. Nastaju prilikom nepotpunog izgaranja ili pirolize organskih tvari. Dokazano je da neki PAU imaju kancerogena, a neki mutagena svojstva, pa je stoga potrebno kontinuirano pratiti koncentracije PAU u zraku, vodi i tlu, te pokušati sanirati izvore PAU. PAU s dva ili tri aromatska prstena postojani su u plinovitoj fazi, dok se PAU s više aromatskih prstenova nalaze u zraku uglavnom vezani na čestice. Visoke koncentracije PAU prisutne su u atmosferi urbanih područja, a najviše su zimi kada su pojačane emisije iz kućnih ložišta. U ljetno doba koncentracije su niže jer je većina policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika nestabilna na visokim temperaturama, a osim toga dolazi do njihove oksidacije i fotooksidacije. Metode mjerenja PAU u zraku uključuju uzorkovanje prosisavanjem na fi lterski papir ili kruti adsorbens, ekstrakciju i kromatografsku analizu. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati mjerenja benzo[a]pirena (BaP) kao glavnog predstavnika PAU na nekim lokacijama u svijetu. Razine BaP u svijetu uspoređene su s rezultatima mjerenja provedenim do sada u Hrvatskoj. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: benzo[a]piren, fotooksidacija, GC, LC, oksidacija, ruralno, urbanoJakovljević I, and Žužul S. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AIR Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2011;62:357-370 Policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici (PAU ili PAH od engl. riječi polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) čine veliku skupinu organskih spojeva koji sadržavaju dva ili više kondenziranih aromatskih prstenova. Mnogi policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici nemaju sistematizirana imena jer je njihovo istraživanje i proučavanje započelo prije uvođenja sistematske nomenklature. Imena koja su dobili prema svojim karakteristikama -boji (fl uoranten i krizen), imenu spoja iz kojeg su izolirani (npr. iz katrana kamenog ugljena naftalen i piren) ili obliku molekule (koronen), zadržali su do danas (1).PAU nastaju za vrijeme nepotpunog izgaranja ili pirolize organskih tvari te tijekom industrijskih procesa i drugih ljudskih aktivnosti. Također nastaju kao posljedica prirodnih procesa kao što je karbonizacija. Mogu se pronaći u zraku, tlu, vodi, vegetaciji, hrani i sedimentu (1). U zraku je pronađeno više od pet stotina PAU. Najpoznatiji je i najviše proučavan benzo[a]piren (BaP) koji se često rabi kao indikator za prisutnost PAU u hrani i zraku (1, 2). BaP (slika 1) nije nužno i najzastupljeniji spoj, ali se uvijek javlja kad su prisutni PAU (3). Slika 1 Strukturna formula benzo[a]pirena, C 20 H 12Istraživanja su pokazala da su PAU s dva ili tri aromatska prstena postojani u plinovitoj fazi te njihova koncentracija u zraku raste s porastom temperature. PAU s više aromatskih prstenova nalaze se u zraku uglavnom vezani na čestice (4-7). Današnja istraživanja u svijetu (8, 9) usmjerena su na proučavanje PAU

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“…A better situation is in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Croatia [7,8], while in the rest of CEE countries, available data on the SVOCs sources and levels are very limited, and there is no systematic monitoring of SVOCs in majority of the countries from former Yugoslavia [7], including the Republic of Macedonia. An interest to monitor the atmospheric SVOCs concentrations in the Republic of Macedonia has been increased significantly during the last decade, primarily through a pilot study for the development of the monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC) 2006, under the auspices of Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chemometric assessment of the semivolatile organic contaminants content in the atmosphere of the selected sites in the Republic of Macedonia

Stafilov

Škrbić

Klánová

et al. 2011

Journal of Chemometrics

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Data obtained through a pilot study for the development of the monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC) 2006, regarding the occurrence of 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of six locations in the Republic of Macedonia have been interpreted by principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analysis. The data structures of three sets organized to contain the atmospheric concentrations of (a) PAHs, the so-called PAHs set, (b) both classes of organochlorine compounds (PCBs and OCPs) grouped in the organochlorinated compounds (OCCs) set and (c) the overall data (the semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) set) were compared. The PCA results suggested mixed origin of PAHs, especially dominant in the urban zones of Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Furthermore, it was found that retene had a distinctive source that separated it from the rest of the PAHs, and it was linked to the incidents of biomass burning. The OCC atmospheric patterns differed among the sites more than it was the case with the PAH patterns, implying some site-specific sources or conditions that influenced the OCC atmospheric concentrations. CA coupled with bootstraps confirmed the groupings of samples found by the PCA biplots. The influence of available meteorological parameters on the SVOC atmospheric concentrations has been evaluated by multiple regression analysis (MRA) indicating the positive impacts of temperature and wind speed for majority of analyzed SVOCs. Precipitation was found to be linked proportionally only with pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene.

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PAH mass concentrations measured in PM10 particle fraction

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Analyses of urban and rural particulate matter mass concentrations in Croatia in the period 2006-2014

Analyses of urban and rural particulate matter mass concentrations in Croatia in the period 2006-2014

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air

Chemometric assessment of the semivolatile organic contaminants content in the atmosphere of the selected sites in the Republic of Macedonia

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