Pagamento por serviços ambientais em área de proteção aos mananciais: uma proposta para a região do ribeirão Balainho, Suzano, São Paulo

Abstract

The relationship between demand and hydro availability, jointly to the spring catchments degradation, must be faced as one of the main threats to the sustainability of São Paulo metropolitan region (RMSP). Urbanization advances on supplies systems, intensifying the shortage of these supplies and of the places for purification of water, as well as the lost of this quality, being necessary creating measures that guarantee conservation. The environmental services that can be provided by agriculture are several, confirming the importance of farmers as agents for spring catchments preservation. However, they do not have sustainable conditions to bear the countless pressures that surround them. This work aims to propose the implementation of payments for environmental services (PES) for the farmers in the Balainho's subcatchment region, in Suzano (SP) included in a spring catchments protection area, using the amount of charge for water use for the payment. For this purpose, a bibliographic research and a case study have been carried out. The environmental valuation and their methods support the insertion of environmental responsibilities within political and market mechanisms. In this context, the PES services represents a recent instrument, with emergency and inductive character, capable of providing the necessary stability for the farmers, enabling them to perform their multifunctional role. Despite the farmers' importance in the spring catchments protection, there are losses of these areas in Balainho region. In order to revert this situation, payments for environmental services are proposed, which will be measured using opportunity cost methods and/or reposition costs, and to guarantee the environmental consciousness, educational instruments will be used.

Pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos e ambientais no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Diante desse contexto, há uma crescente necessidade de conservação de áreas para melhoria da qualidade e da quantidade do serviço hídrico. Da mesma forma, Barbosa et al (2009) corroboram com as premissas destes autores, completando, ainda, que os mananciais se tornam cada vez mais estratégicos para a sobrevivência e o abastecimento das cidades, mas a pressão urbana tem comprometido a capacidade das áreas produtoras de produzir água em boa qualidade e quantidade. Loureiro (2018) entende que o Brasil está enfrentando uma crise hídrica de grandes proporções, culminando em problemas de abastecimento e armazenamento de água, sendo considerada a maior crise da história do país.…”