Paediatric stress: from neuroendocrinology to contemporary disorders

Stavrou, Stavroula; Nicolaides, Nicolas C.; Critselis, Elena; Darviri, Christina; Charmandari, Evangelia; Chrousos, George P.

doi:10.1111/eci.12724

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Body composition has been included in all textbooks of medical physiology, primarily with reference to water and electrolyte imbalance disorders. Generally, however, water homeostasis has been overlooked, despite the widespread epidemic of our time, obesity [2][3][4]. In everyday clinical practice, fat mass is evaluated mainly by using common methods of anthropometry, such as body weight, height, and fat measurements using common scales, stadiometers, measuring tapes, and skinfold calipers [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress and body composition disorders: implications for health and disease

Stefanaki

Pervanidou

Boschiero³

et al. 2018

Hormones

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Recent studies have suggested that body composition is key to health and disease. First, fat tissue is a complex, essential, and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ that responds to afferent signals from traditional hormone systems and the central nervous system but also expresses and secretes factors with important endocrine, metabolic, and immune functions. Second, skeletal muscle mass is an important predictor of health in adult life, while severe mass loss has been associated with the frailty of old age. Studies have shown that skeletal muscle is also an important endocrine organ that secretes factors with autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine actions, which have been associated with inflammatory processes. Third, the bone is also a systemic endocrine regulator playing a pivotal role in health and disease. Finally, proper hydration in humans has been neglected as a health factor, especially in adults. Chronic stress and stress hormone hypersecretion alone or associated with distinct disorders, such as anxiety, depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), have been associated with psychological and somatic manifestations, typically, increased fat mass, osteosarcopenia/frailty, cellular dehydration, and chronic systemic inflammation. This review aims to provide new insights into the newly developed concept of stress-related osteosarcopenic obesity and its prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress and body composition disorders: implications for health and disease

Stefanaki

Pervanidou

Boschiero³

et al. 2018

Hormones

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“…Perceived stress is the individual perception about the stressfulness of life and the ability to handle such stress, which can be influenced by a variety of sources. These so-called stressors include socioeconomic disadvantages as well as recent life events like divorce/separation that can ultimately lead to stress-related physiological dysregulations [ 13 , 14 ]. In this context maternal stress during pregnancy is known to alter signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA) exposing the developing fetus to an excess of glucocorticoids [ 15 ], one of the mechanisms discussed to contribute to prenatal growth restriction [ 16 , 17 ] and an accelerated catch-up-growth increasing the risk for obesity in children’s later life [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early maternal perceived stress and children’s BMI: longitudinal impact and influencing factors

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMaternal perceived stress has been discussed to contribute to the development of childhood overweight. Our aim was to investigate the longitudinal relationship of early maternal perceived stress and BMI z-scores in preschool children (≤ five years).MethodsA longitudinal analysis was conducted in 498 mother-child pairs of the German prospective birth cohort LINA with information on maternal perceived stress during pregnancy, one and two years after birth. BMI z-scores were based on annual measurements of children’s weight/height and calculated based on WHO reference data. General estimation equations were applied to evaluate the impact of maternal stress on children’s longitudinal BMI z-scores. Potential stressors contributing to the perceived stress of the mother were assessed by linear regression models. Using mediation analyses we evaluated the relationship between stressors, maternal perceived stress, and children’s BMI z-score development.ResultsPostnatal maternal stress during the first year after birth had a positive longitudinal relationship with children’s BMI z-scores up to the age of five years. Gender-stratified analyses revealed that only girls showed this positive association while boy’s BMI z-scores were unaffected by maternal stress. We identified three neighborhood strains and two socio-demographic factors, which contributed to the maternal perceived stress level. Stressors themselves did not directly affect girl’s BMI z-scores but rather mediated their effect through the perceived stress level.ConclusionsWhile different stressors contribute to maternal stress, the perceived stress level - rather than the stressors themselves - is strongly positively associated with BMI z-score development in girls.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6110-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Health of children is strongly associated with socio-economic factors like income of a family, academic grade of parents, etc. (34,39). The influence of such factors is especially true for mental health of children and adolescents.…”

Section: Mental Health Of Children Related To Effects Of the Crisis Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty hits children first?

Fegert¹,

Harsch²,

Kölch³

2017

Die Psychiatrie

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SummaryPoverty is a risk factor for mental health problems during childhood and adolescence in general. The economic crisis (2007–2013) seemed to have intensified poverty in families within the most affected countries, esp. in the southern countries of Europe. Within a selective literature review, existing data on the risk of poverty, mental disorders in parents and further risk factors on mental health of children are analyzed. Direct effects like limited access to mental health care system may exist, but are not proved in general. From a developmental perspective, effects of the crisis seem more indirectly mediated by well-known risk factors for psychiatric disorders of children and adolescents: substance abuse in families, mental disorders of parents and loss of perspectives within families are risk factors both on mental health of a child but also for a low educational level which would be a resilience factor. There is evidence that an increase of child abuse and neglect (adverse childhood experiences, ACE) was linked to the economic crisis. Long-term effects e.g. due to ACE may be observed in later times, when children are grown-up.

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Paediatric stress: from neuroendocrinology to contemporary disorders

Cited by 21 publications

References 57 publications

Chronic stress and body composition disorders: implications for health and disease

Chronic stress and body composition disorders: implications for health and disease

Early maternal perceived stress and children’s BMI: longitudinal impact and influencing factors

Poverty hits children first?

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