Paediatric flat foot and foot dimension in Central Anatolia

Abstract

Background Information on the foot structures of Central Anatolian children is limited. Foot structures of children aged 6–10 years were shown to be different according to sex and increasing age. Objective This study aimed to compare the foot anthropometric values by age and sex and collect the foot anthropometric data to reveal the relationship between pes planus and pes cavus in the arches of children according to age. Methods Footprints of 335 children (180 boys and 155 girls) aged 6–10 years were taken by the pedigraph method and evaluated using 18 different parameters. The TFL (Truncated foot length), FL (foot length), Arch Index, Chippaux Smirak Index, Staheli Arc Index, and foot rotation values of the children were examined. To examine the relationship between the parameters, normality values were examined. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze sex differences in terms of foot size and shape. Results Correlations between other parameters were determined using the correlations analysis method. TFL, metatarsal circumference, and FL were strongly correlated with age in the children. Foot rotation increased with body mass index in the girls compared to that in the boys. According to the evaluation results with the classification made with the Staheli arch index, 63.3% pes planus, 9.8% pes cavus and 27.7% of the normal arch structure were identified. Conclusions Planning shoe production accordingly will contribute to the development of healthy feet in children. This article focused on foot structures of in Central Anatolia and to identify early foot deformities in children. This study found that the length of the TFL was smaller in boys than in girls.

Association between flat foot prevalence and nutritional status in schoolchildren

“…Similar to the results of other studies [14,16,17], we also detected a decreasing trend in the prevalence of childhood flat feet with increasing age. Between younger (11.3%) and older (8.2%) schoolchildren, were found statistically significant differences in the prevalence of flat foot (the greater number is present in earlier grades).…”

“…The results showed significant differences in the prevalence of flat feet, depending on some socio-demographic variables (age and material status) and nutritional status. Alsancak et al [14] and Yin et al [15] showed that three variables had a significant relationship with the prevalence of flat foot: age, sex, and weight. Our study demonstrates that the prevalence of flat feet in schoolchildren is not influenced by gender, although the percentage distribution of flat feet was higher in (10.8%) than girls (8.7%).…”

Characteristics of paediatric foot arches according to body mass among primary school students in Wrocław, Poland

“…Alsancak et al [ 39 ] revealed that foot structures in Anatolian children aged 6 to 10 years differed depending on sex and age. Age, gender and body weight were associated with foot dimensions and pes planus diagnosis.…”

Characteristics of inhomogeneous lower extremity growth and development in early childhood: a cross-sectional study

“…The foot arch is developed with increasing age [ 25 ] which may explain the foot height development. However, a flat foot is a normal finding in early childhood periods [ 25 , 26 ]. In addition, there was no association between increased body mass and foot arch in children [ 27 ].…”