Paediatric dentistry: Glass ionomer or giomer?

Abstract

Introduction: Giomers are composed of PRG fillers which in turn contain some ions, in addition to fluoride, which are beneficial to enamel so, it could be used for remineralization. Glass ionomer also contains fluoride and has been a commonly used material for many years. Objective: to analyze information about its chemical composition, physical properties, chemical properties and application of S-PRG technology in comparison with glass ionomer. Methodology: articles were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and EBSCO. Terms such as S-PRG OR GIOMER, S-PRG AND prevention, glass ionomer AND pediatric dentistry were used. Results: S-PRG has a pre-reactive glass ionomer layer containing reactive ions that acts in contact with water and saliva, thus releasing ions that promote remineralization, bacterial control, etc. It has lower setting shrinkage compared to some ionomers and allows remineralization around the restoration and can be used as a restorative material for primary and permanent teeth. Glass ionomer has an acid-base reaction. By bonding glass ionomer filler to resins, it improves their properties, is successful in the presence of secondary caries and is well accepted as a restorative material after selective removal of carious tissue. Conclusion:Both materials have fluoride releasing and recharging capabilities as well as restorative properties. However, giomer has better esthetic advantages. Further studies are required because giomers are relatively new.

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Bruxism and the Daily Life of Children Aged 7-10

“…When examining the impact of the restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on bruxism, we did not find an increase in the frequency of occurrence or aggravation of an already existing bruxism in the examined children. In contrast to the present one, other studies have found an increase in the likelihood of bruxism during the pandemic [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The increase is due to increased levels of stress, anxiety, reduced physical activity and increased screen time during the pandemic, which, individually and/or in combination, may be risk factors for sleep bruxism.…”

“…The increase is due to increased levels of stress, anxiety, reduced physical activity and increased screen time during the pandemic, which, individually and/or in combination, may be risk factors for sleep bruxism. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Although in their research, Nazzal et al found only 5.7% of children with bruxism, examining some of the above factors during the pandemic, found that the risk of adverse consequences for orofacial structures was increased [18].…”

“…The most common problems in childhood due to the pandemic were anxiety, depression, and stress [7]. Research shows that restrictive measures related to COVID-19 may be considered as a stress factor associated with bruxism in children [8,9].…”

“…Restrepo et al found that children who consumed more added sugar and those who spent more time in front of a screen had an increased frequency of teeth grinding [14]. Data from the literature indicate that the changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic had a mainly negative effect on children, both in the psycho-emotional aspect and in increasing the frequency of bruxism [9,12,13,14]. https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2024301.5405…”

Effect of a demineralization model on the microhardness, surface roughness and topography of giomers: An in vitro study

“…However, regular evaluation of materials and reinforcement of preventive measures in the patient, as well as assessment of the oral health conditions, is crucial. Giomers can also be utilized in patients with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), as they can control sensitivity while simultaneously remineralizing the affected tooth's surface (Bernal et al, 2021). Kaga et al (2014) investigated giomers' capacity and inhibitory effects on enamel demineralization and found that giomers neutralize the pH of solutions and protect enamel from demineralization by releasing modest amounts of Si, Sr, Al, B, Na, and F ions (Kaga et al, 2014).…”