law schools who provided helpful feedback on earlier versions of this work. I am especially grateful to Dan Richman, Bill Stuntz, Anne Coughlin, and Mike Klarman, who provided valuable comments after generously reading earlier drafts. The Lewis Law Center at Washington & Lee University School of Law provided financial support for this project. Most of this paper was written while I visited on the law faculty at University of Virginia, where many colleagues and Dean Jeffries were especially supportive.