Pacific Alliance: Trade implications on member countries and other regional trade agreements

Reinoso, Alan Fairlie; Collantes, Erika

doi:10.1111/lamp.12270

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Como característica, se considera a la AP como un tipo de integración de regionalismo abierto (Vargas-Alzate, L. F., y Amaya Alviar, 2021), ya que permite que cada país establezca de manera individual otros acuerdos comerciales con diferentes países sin perder de vista el fortalecimiento de relaciones entre ellos (Chaves García, 2018;Ramírez Montañez y González Sarmiento, 2016) para aprovechar la consolidación regional con proyección a una economía global y de inserción a cadenas globales de valor (Leví Coral y Reggiardo, 2016;Delich, 2020), y con énfasis particular de proyección a la región de Asia-Pacífico (Fairlie y Collantes, 2022).…”

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Regional Value Chains for Processed Foods in The Pacific Alliance

Gómez Parada,

González Escobar,

González Polo

2024

Rev. CEA

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Objetivo: el presente estudio se enfocó en identificar las oportunidades de encadenamientos productivos para la conformación de cadenas regionales de valor en el sector de alimentos procesados entre Chile, Colombia, México y Perú, países que conforman la Alianza del Pacífico (AP). Metodología: se aplicó una metodología cualitativa. Para esto, se seleccionaron productos del sector de alimentos que presentaron saldo comercial positivo para algunos de los países de la AP, entre los años 2017-2021, identificándose, dentro de ellos, bienes finales e insumos según los procesos de elaboración industrial y se organizaron cadenas de valor; posteriormente, se estableció el papel que desempeña cada país como fabricante de bienes finales o como proveedor de insumos en la cadena. Los productos se asociaron a la clasificación del sistema armonizado arancelario a cuatro dígitos. Resultados: Se identificaron trece cadenas de valor asociadas a los bienes finales y treinta y dos bienes insumos con potencial exportador; se destaca que los cuatro países pueden ser fabricantes de bienes finales en al menos tres cadenas; México puede ser fabricante de bienes finales en doce cadenas; con respecto a insumos, en siete de las trece cadenas pueden participar los cuatro países de la Alianza conjuntamente; en las demás, participan al menos tres de ellos. Conclusiones: se aprecia que los países de la Alianza del Pacífico tienen potencial para conformar cadenas de valor en alimentos procesados; se destaca, además, el liderazgo que en esta industria tiene México como fabricante de bienes finales, así como la diversidad de insumos que puede suministrar cada país. Originalidad: sobresale el papel que puede desempeñar cada país de la Alianza del Pacífico como fabricante de productos finales o proveedores de insumos en los productos que tienen fortalezas exportadoras hacia la conformación de articulaciones productivas.

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Section: Marco Teórico O Referencialunclassified

Regional Value Chains for Processed Foods in The Pacific Alliance

Gómez Parada,

González Escobar,

González Polo

2024

Rev. CEA

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“…Experts such as Tremolada Álvarez (2019); and Prado Lallande (2020) highlighted the limited advances in intra-regional trade, which in 2021 represented only 4% of the total trade of the countries in the bloc (Briceño-Ruiz, Prado Lallande & Legler, 2021). Alan Fairlie and Erika Collantes have recently validated this data using the gravitational model, demonstrating that the PA has not significantly affected trade flows among its members (Fairlie & Collantes, 2022). Nolte (2021) notes that "The absence of economic complementarities between member countries is still a major obstacle to increase trade within the PA.…”

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Introduction: The Pacific Alliance—Deep integration, marketing, achievements, and failures

Ruíz¹

2023

Latin American Policy

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announced the creation of the Pacific Alliance (PA), a regional integration scheme that aimed to promote the deep integration of their countries as well as their international insertion into the world economy. A year later, representatives of the four countries signed the Free Trade Framework Agreement of the PA, the main normative instrument of the trade bloc.Since its creation, the PA has found a warm reception in global economic and financial circles. Born in a context of predominance of the so-called postliberal or posthegemonic regionalism in Latin America, which contested the policies of liberalization and deregulation as the core of economic integration, the Alliance was perceived as a stronghold of the ideas of an open regionalism, favorable to free trade and foreign investment. The Alliance even radicalized this idea by proposing a model of deep integration. For these reasons, in a 2013 article in the Financial Times, the PA was described as "the most exciting thing going on in LatAm these days" (Financial Times, 2013). The pundit Moises Naim (2014) referred to the Alliance as "The Most Important Alliance You've Never Heard Of."In this context of a clear marketing campaign, the PA began to be described as a successful model for regional integration, adapted to the times of globalization. Newspapers such as the Financial Times (2014), The Economist (2014), and the Wall Street Journal (2014) began to spread a narrative of a Latin America divided between the Pacific and the Atlantic. The Southern Common Market (Mercosur) countries represented the Latin America of the Atlantic, which was characterized by its economic stagnation and low international economic insertion, and the PA symbolized the Latin America of the Pacific, more dynamic, modern, and inserted into the world. In this scenario, the PA became a brand of what would be a successful economic bloc. Detlef Nolte (2016) notes that "The four PA member countries 'marked' themselves as gateways to Asia and as 'good economies' compared to the 'bad economies' of other, more state-oriented economies in Latin America" (p. 1). Thus, as Nolte (2021, p. 151) points out, the Alliance was the "poster child" of Latin American regionalism.Yet, this narrative was soon challenged, especially due to the limited progress in specific issues such as trade integration and the formation of value chains, two central goals of the bloc (Briceño-Ruiz, Legler & Prado Lallande, 2021;Nolte, 2016;Tremolada Álvarez, 2019). The narrative of an Atlantic-Pacific divide was questioned in academic studies (see Briceño-Ruiz, 2017;Sanahuja, 2017). In the political world, it was also rejected, and former presidents Luis Inácio Lula da Silva and Ricardo Lagos published an article in the Spanish newspaper El País in which they highlighted the unity of the region despite their ideological differences (Lula da Silva & Lagos, 2014). Moreover, due to the political impetus given by Michelle Bachelet, negotiations to achieve convergence between the PA and Mercosur began in 2014, with technical ass...

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Pacific Alliance: Trade implications on member countries and other regional trade agreements

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Regional Value Chains for Processed Foods in The Pacific Alliance

Regional Value Chains for Processed Foods in The Pacific Alliance

Introduction: The Pacific Alliance—Deep integration, marketing, achievements, and failures

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