P53 protein and the diseases in central nervous system

Abstract

P53 protein is the product of P53 gene, which is a well acknowledged tumor suppressor gene. The function of P53 and the relevant mechanisms of anti-neoplasm have raised the interest of researchers since many years ago. It is demonstrated that P53 is a basic cell cycle regulator and a strong inhibitor for versatile cancers in humans. However, most research focuses on other organs and systems instead of the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, in recent years, more and more studies have been suggesting that P53 plays a significant role in multiple CNS tumors and other diseases and disorders such as cerebral stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we mainly reviewed the P53’s relationship with CNS tumors, cerebral stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, together with the relevant mechanisms, aiming to summarize the research achievements and providing new insight to the future study on diseases in CNS.

Cell-Penetrating Peptides-Mediated Therapeutic Agents Delivery into the Central Nervous System

“…108 They also possess the ability to modulate the immune system and mitigate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation within the CNS, thereby impeding or halting the progression of CNS disease. 109 However, proteins and peptides do not readily cross cell membranes, are generally difficult to reach the BBB, and are physicochemically unstable with short half-lives. By integrating proteins and peptides with CPPs to create novel drug delivery system, the transmembrane ability of CPPs can effectively surmount the impediment posed by the BBB.…”

“…Certain proteins and peptides, such as tau proteins, nerve growth factors, amyloid, and receptor tyrosine kinases, can target specific molecules or pathways in CNS diseases, leading to targeted and effective therapeutic effects . They also possess the ability to modulate the immune system and mitigate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation within the CNS, thereby impeding or halting the progression of CNS disease . However, proteins and peptides do not readily cross cell membranes, are generally difficult to reach the BBB, and are physicochemically unstable with short half-lives.…”

New insights into cancer: MDM2 binds to the citrullinating enzyme PADI4

“…Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are frequently down‐regulated in cancer, leading to dysregulation of the pathways they control and, therefore, provide opportunities for alternative therapies (Gregory & Copple, 2022 ). The protein p53 is a protein produced by a well‐known TSG (Lei et al, 2023 ). A key p53 regulator is the cellular protein MDM2 (murine double minute 2 oncoprotein) (EC.…”