P376 Liquid detergents poisoning -a specific entity in children

Abstract

Backround and aimsHousehold products are one of the most important category responsable for paediatric toxic exposure, especially in children younger then 6 years old. The aims of this study were to analize the epidemiological characteristics of paediatric exposures to packet and nonpacket forms of liquid detergents and to identify the most frequent clinical findings associated with this type of exposures.MethodsWe performed a five year retrospective study between January 1 st, 2012 and December 31 st, 2016 of all cases with liquid detergent poisoning admitted to the Toxicology Department in the Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children „Grigore Alexandrescu ’ from Bucharest.ResultsA total of 231 cases involving liquid detergents were recorded, including 166 cases of laundry liquid detergents and 65 exposures to other types of liquid detergents. The packet forms of laundry detergents were the most commonly identified (131 cases, 56.7%)Boys (131 cases) were more frequently exposed than girls (100 cases). Regarding the age, most patients belonged to the age group 1–5 years (190 cases, 82.25%), followed by patients younger than 1 year (23 de cases, 9.95,%), those aged 6 to 10 years (11 cases, 4.76%) and 11 to 18 years (7 cases,3.03% ). The mean age of the patients exposed was 2.7 years.85.7% of the patients were symptomatic after exposure, clinical manifestations depending on the route of exposure. In case of ingestion, gastrointestinal symptoms were most commonly noted. Vomiting were present in 180 cases (77.9%), causing acute dehydration in 36 cases. Dysphagia was noted in 41 of the analysed cases, abdominal pain in 11 cases and diarrhoea and hematemesis in 2 cases each. Coughing was noted in 25 patient (10.8%), of which 7 were diagnosed with chemical laryngitis and 9 with chemical pneumonia. Dermal exposure was associated to ingestion in 6 patients and determined oral irritation or oral burns and lips oedema.Ocular exposure occurred in 11 patients (4.76%) causing conjunctivitis, keratitis or corneal burns.ConclusionsExposures to packed forms of liquid laundry detergents were much more common than laundry detergents nonpacket or other types of liquid detergents exposures. Clinical manifestations depended on the route of exposure: ingestion, ocular or dermal and the severity of clinical effects ranged between no symptoms to severe form of hematemesis, acute dehydration and chemical pneumonia.

The Evolution of Measles in Romania Between 2016 and 2018. A comprehesive overview

“…Measles is a highly contagious disease: up to 90% of susceptible contacts develop the disease. Even though the physiopathological mechanisms are yet to be understood, it appears that measles infection is affiliated with transitory immunosuppression lasting weeks to months.Transitory immunosuppression appears after poisoning as well [10][11][12]. Transitor y immunosuppression predisposes to secondary infections, especially in the respiratory tract with different pathogens, such as M.tuberculosis and gastrointestinal tract [13][14][15][16].…”

“…Starting from these findings and recognizing their importance as public health problems, the WHO developed a Strategic Plan for 2012-2020 periods, on measles and rubella. It was provided that, by the end of the year 2015, the incidence of measles should have values below 5 cases in 1 million inhabitants, and the first dose vaccination rate to be at least 90% at national level and at least 80% at the area (county) level, while by the end of 2020 a vaccine coverage of 95% was suggested for both doses at both national level and area levels [10].…”