Overview
Penile cancer is predominantly of squamous histology, a proportion of those are related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is rare in the developed world and among circumcised men. For patients with localized PSCC, early potentially less debilitating surgery can be curative. Other modalities are less robust. Metastasis presents initially with lymphatic local regional disease progression, also the lymph node metastatic extent remains the strongest prognostic indicator of clinical outcomes. Patients with bulky locally advanced disease may benefit from multimodal approach with neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy followed by consolidative inguinal lymph node dissection.
Urethral cancer is a rare and histologically heterogenous carcinoma but can be aggressive depending on tumor histology. The prognosis and treatment approach depend on the gender, histology, location of the tumor within the urethra, and extent of disease.